煤炭开采对生态环境的扰动特征分析及生态修复技术  

Analysis of Disturbance Characteristics of Coal Mining on Ecological Environment and Ecological Restoration Technology

作　　者：王亮 杨星晨 白宇 季达 杨广鑫 赵小同 WANG Liang;YANG Xingchen;BAI Yu;JI Da;YANG Guangxin;ZHAO Xiaotong(Xilingol Mengdong Mining Co.,Ltd.;Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Mine Ecological Restoration,China University of Mining and Technology)

机构地区：[1]锡林郭勒盟蒙东矿业有限责任公司 [2]中国矿业大学矿山生态修复教育部工程研究中心

出　　处：《现代矿业》2024年第7期215-219,共5页Modern Mining

基　　金：国家能源投资集团技术开发项目(编号:2023100063)。

摘　　要：为了提高中国矿山生态修复水平,针对煤炭开采对生态环境的扰动机理不清及生态修复技术不完善的问题,剖析了煤炭开采对生态环境的扰动特征,并梳理了现有的生态修复技术。煤炭开采对生态环境的扰动特征包括扰动周期漫长、扰动范围广泛、扰动对象复杂(土地、水资源、大气,植被)、时空异质性强。目前,煤矿区最主要且最有效的生态修复技术包括地貌重塑、土壤重构和植被重建(物种筛选技术、物种配置技术和种植技术),这些技术应作为未来研究的重点。总体来看,中国仍面临着废弃矿山数量多,生态问题类型杂,生态修复难度大的问题,未来仍需进一步认识煤矿开采对生态环境的扰动特征、扰动规律、损伤传导机制和扩散规律,以促进新生态修复技术的研发。In order to improve the level of mine ecological restoration in China,aiming at the prob⁃lems of unclear disturbance mechanism of coal mining to ecological environment and imperfect ecological restoration technology,the disturbance characteristics of coal mining to ecological environment are ana⁃lyzed,and the existing ecological restoration technologies are sorted out.The disturbance characteristics of coal mining on the ecological environment include long disturbance period,wide disturbance range,com⁃plex disturbance objects(land,water resources,atmosphere,vegetation),and strong spatial and temporal heterogeneity.At present,the most important and effective ecological restoration technologies in coal mine areas include landform remodeling,soil reconstruction and vegetation reconstruction(species screening technology,species configuration technology and planting technology),which should be the focus of future research.In general,China is still faced with a large number of abandoned mines,complex types of ecologi⁃cal problems,and difficult ecological restoration.In the future,it is still necessary to further understand the disturbance characteristics,disturbance laws,damage conduction mechanisms and diffusion laws of coal mining on the ecological environment,so as to promote the research and development of new ecological res⁃toration technologies.

关 键 词：煤炭开采 矿区生态系统 生态扰动特征 生态修复技术 绿色矿山 

分 类 号：X752[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X171.4