大豆种质资源苗期耐盐性鉴定评价与筛选  

Identification,evaluation and screening of salt-tolerant of soybean germplasm resources at seedling stage

作　　者：孙现军[1] 胡正[1] 姜雪敏 王世佳 陈向前 张惠媛 张辉[1] 姜奇彦[2] SUN Xian-Jun;HU Zheng;JIANG Xue-Min;WANG Shi-Jia;CHEN Xiang-Qian;ZHANG Hui-Yuan;ZHANG Hui;JIANG Qi-Yan(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/作物基因资源与育种全国重点实验室,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部粮食作物基因资源评价利用重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《作物学报》2024年第9期2179-2186,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1201603);山东省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2023LZGC001);海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2022XDNY135);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(ASTIP No.CAAS ZDRW202201,01-ICS-02);国家自然科学基金项目(31601329);江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心和现代作物生产省部共建协同创新中心项目(CIC-MCP)资助。

摘　　要：土壤盐渍化严重影响大豆品质与产量,筛选耐盐大豆资源对开展盐碱地综合利用意义重大。为建立大豆苗期耐盐鉴定评价体系,设置淡水和NaCl含量为0.9%~1.8%的10个等差梯度,以蛭石为培养基质,大豆2片真叶始现时开始盐处理。结果表明, 1.2%盐处理16 d时,不同大豆种质资源耐盐等级四分位差值最大,是大豆苗期耐盐鉴定评价的最适条件。利用大豆苗期耐盐鉴定评价体系对来自国内外的504份大豆种质资源进行苗期耐盐性鉴定评价,耐盐等级为1级、2级、3级、4级、5级的大豆资源依次为46份、146份、157份、79份、76份。利用GmSALT3基因的分子标记对1级耐盐资源进行检测,其中40份(86.96%)大豆材料扩增结果与GmSALT3基因的分子标记结果相符合。为分析大豆苗期鉴定过程中盐胁迫浓度的变化趋势,确立了土壤含盐量(Y,%)与电导率(X,mScm^(–1))的回归方程:Y=0.278X–0.0618,预测精准度在95%以上。测定统计了从盐处理开始至调查结束时的培养基质含盐量变化趋势,培养基质含盐量基本维持在13 mS cm^(–1)左右。本研究为大豆苗期规模化耐盐性鉴定和培育耐盐新种质提供了技术体系和基础材料。Soil salinization has a significant impact on soybean quality and yield.Therefore,it is crucial to screen salt-tolerant soybean resources for the comprehensive utilization of salinized land.To establish a method for identifying and evaluating salt tolerance in soybean at the seedling stage,we conducted experiments using fresh water and 10 equal-differential gradients of NaCl solutions ranging from 0.9%to 1.8%.These solutions were applied to vermiculite culture medium when the soybean plants reached the stage of two emerged leaves.Results indicated that the 1.2%salinity treatment for 16 days demonstrated the highest interquartile range of salt-tolerant grading among various soybean germplasm resources,thus considered the optimal condition for evaluating salt tolerance in soybean seedlings.A total of 504 soybean germplasm resources from diverse geographic regions at home and abroad were subjected to evaluation using the soybean salt-tolerant evaluation system.Among them,46,146,157,79,and 76 soybean germplasm resources received salt-tolerant gradings of 1,2,3,4,and 5,respectively.The soybean resources with salt-tolerant grading 1 were further analyzed using the GmSALT3 gene molecular marker.The amplification results of 40 soybean resources(80.96%)were consistent with the GmSALT3 gene molecular marker.To analyze the change in salt stress concentration in the culture medium during the identification of soybean seedlings,a regression equation was established between soil salt con-tent(Y,%)and electrical conductivity(X,mS cm^(-1)):Y=0.278X-0.0618,with a prediction accuracy above 95%.The variation trend of salt content in the culture medium was measured from the beginning of salt treatment until the end of the investigation,and it was found to be maintained at approximately 13 mS cm^(-1).This study not only provides a technical system for large-scale identification of salt-tolerant soybean seedlings but also serves as a foundation for breeding new soybean salt-tolerant germplasm resources.

关 键 词：大豆种质资源 苗期耐盐体系 苗期耐盐资源 土壤含盐量测定 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]