杂交水稻不同穗萌程度种子质量差异与穗萌分级研究  

Study on the quality differences of seeds with different pre-harvest sprouting levels and the grading of pre-harvest sprouting in hybrid rice

作　　者：贾舒涵 何璨 陈敏 刘家欣 胡伟民 胡晋[1,3] 关亚静[1,3] JIA Shu-Han;HE Can;CHEN Min;LIU Jia-Xin;HU Wei-Min;HU Jin;GUAN Ya-Jing(Seed Science Center,Advanced Seed Institute,College of Agriculture and Biotechnology,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,Zhejiang,China;Communist Party of China Fumin County Committee Organization Department,Kunming 650400,Yunnan,China;Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University,Sanya 572025,Hainan,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学农业与生物技术学院现代种业研究所种子科学中心,浙江杭州310058 [2]中国共产党富民县委员会组织部,云南昆明650400 [3]浙江大学海南研究院,海南三亚572025

出　　处：《作物学报》2024年第9期2310-2322,共13页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(322CXTD522);三亚崖州湾科技城博士研究生科研创新基金项目(HSPHDSRF-2023-04-017);浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划(2023SNJF04302);上海市科技兴农项目(2022-02-08-00-12-F01127);现代作物生产省部共建协同创新中心(CIC-MCP)资助。

摘　　要：研究不同穗萌程度种子质量,对科学划分穗萌级别,优化穗萌指标计算方法至关重要。本试验以钱优0508(Qianyou 0508, QY0508)、Y两优689 (Y Liangyou 689, YLY689)两个籼型杂交水稻品种为材料,测定穗上不同穗萌程度种子的发芽指标,以及可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量等生理指标,以此评估不同穗萌程度水稻种子的发芽质量。同时,采用自然晾干和38℃烘干2种方式干燥穗萌种子,并将种子在低温和水淹2种逆境条件下发芽,探究实际生产中不同干燥处理对已穗萌种子质量的影响,及不同穗萌程度种子萌发抗逆能力的差异。此外,由于水稻种子通常在蜡熟末期至完熟初期为最佳收获期,期间均可能遭遇不良气候条件导致种子穗萌,因此本研究对不同成熟时期的穗萌种子质量也进行了探讨。通过鉴定穗上不同萌动程度的种子质量,提出了新的水稻穗萌分级方法,即完整饱满未萌动种子为0级,胚根凸起但稃壳未开裂的种子为1级,胚根露出且可见长度不足2mm的种子为2级,胚根可见长度大于2 mm的种子为3级。与0级种子相比,1~3级穗萌种子的发芽率均显著下降,不正常幼苗率显著增加,在低温、水淹逆境下,该现象更明显。相对而言, 38℃烘干方式对种子质量的影响较自然晾干小,而授粉后35 d (35 DAP)成熟度高的种子发生穗萌后对种子质量影响较授粉后25 d (25 DAP)成熟度低的种子小。本研究经过对不同穗萌程度种子质量的研究,提出了新的穗萌分级方法,对准确评估田间水稻穗萌水平有重要价值。Investigating seed quality with different pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)grades is of great importance for scientifically classifying PHS levels and optimizing the calculation method for PHS parameters.In this study,we utilized two indica hybrid rice cultivars,namely Qianyou 0508(QY0508)and Y Liangyou 689(YLY689),to assess the germination quality of rice seeds with vary-ing PHS grades.Additionally,we examined the contents of soluble sugar,soluble protein,and other physiological indicators.To ex-plore the effects of different drying treatments on the quality of PHS seeds in practical production and assess the stress tolerance of different PHS seeds during germination,we employed two drying methods:air drying and 38℃oven drying for fresh PHS seeds.Subsequently,germination tests were conducted under two adverse conditions,namely low temperature and water flooding.Further-more,as adverse climatic conditions during the optimal harvest period(from the end of wax ripening to the beginning of full ripening)may lead to PHS,we also investigated the quality of PHS seeds at different developmental stages.By evaluating the quality of PHS seeds,we proposed a new grading method for rice PHS seeds.This method includes the following grades:grade 0 for intact,full,and non-germinated seeds;grade 1 for seeds with protruding embryonic roots but uncracked lemma shells;grade 2 for seeds with visible embryonic roots less than 2 mm in length;and grade 3 for seeds with visible embryonic roots greater than 2 mm in length.Compared to grade 0 seeds,the germination rate of grade 1-3 PHS seeds significantly decreased,while the abnormal seedling rate showed a significant increase.This effect was more pronounced under low temperature and water flooding stresses.Moreover,38℃ oven dry-ing had a smaller impact on seed quality compared to air drying.Additionally,seeds with high maturity(35 days after pollination)exhibited a smaller impact on seed quality after sprouting compared to seeds with low maturity(25 days after pollination).Through the compre

关 键 词：水稻 穗萌分级 穗萌率 种子质量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]