干旱灌区绿肥对多样化种植小麦玉米产量性能指标的影响  

Effect of green manure on wheat and maize yields in diversified cropping patterns in an arid irrigated agricultural area

作　　者：刘志鹏 苟志文 柴强[1] 殷文[1] 樊志龙[1] 胡发龙[1] 范虹 王琦明 LIU Zhi-Peng;GOU Zhi-Wen;CHAI Qiang;YIN Wen;FAN Zhi-Long;HU Fa-Long;FAN Hong;WANG Qi-Ming(State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《作物学报》2024年第9期2415-2424,共10页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金区域联合重点项目(U21A20218,32101857);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(绿肥,CARS-22-G-12);甘肃省拔尖领军人才项目(GSBJLJ-2022-23)资助。

摘　　要：为探究插种豆科绿肥对传统小麦、玉米多样化种植模式产量性能指标的影响,通过配置豆科绿肥构建干旱灌区作物高产技术途径,依托2017年布设的田间定位试验,于2019—2021年对小麦、玉米传统种植模式及配置豆科绿肥后主栽作物叶面积指数(LAI)、叶日积(LAD)、作物生长率(CGR)、籽粒产量(GY)及产量构成要素的响应特征进行研究,明确基于绿肥提升作物多样化水平进而提高作物产量的理论基础。试验设单作玉米(M)、单作小麦(W)一年一收、小麦复种绿肥(W-G)和小麦间作玉米(W||M)一年两收、小麦复种绿肥间作玉米(W-G||M)一年三收共5种作物多样化水平不同的种植模式。结果表明,不同种植系统混合籽粒产量随作物多样化水平的提高而提高,一年两收模式W||M显著高于W和M,W-G显著高于W,一年三收模式W-G||M显著高于W||M和W-G;净占地面积下,两种组分作物籽粒产量随多样化水平的提高而提高。LAI、LAD和主栽作物生育后期CGR等产量性能指标也随作物多样化水平的提高而提高。产量构成要素方面,随作物多样化水平的提高,小麦穗粒数、玉米有效穗数随之提高;W-G在小麦穗粒数和千粒重方面显著高于W。通径分析显示,组分作物小麦主要通过穗粒数的增加而实现增产,组分作物玉米主要通过单位面积有效穗数的增加实现增产。本研究表明,随作物多样化水平的提升,主栽作物籽粒产量和产量性能指标也随之提升,干旱灌区可通过配置豆科绿肥提升种植系统作物多样化水平,从而实现增产。To investigate the impact of multiple cropping with leguminous green manure on yield performance indicators of wheat and maize in diversified cropping patterns,and to establish a high-yield technology pathway for crops in arid irrigation areas through the application of leguminous green manure,a field positioning experiment was conducted in 2017.Leaf area index(LAI),leaf area duration(LAD),crop growth rate(CGR),grain yield(GY),and the response characteristics of yield components were assessed from 2019 to 2021 to determine the feasibility of enhancing crop diversification and improving crop yield through the use of green manure.The experiment consisted of five cropping patterns with varying levels of crop diversification:monoculture maize(M),monoculture wheat(W)with a once-a-year harvest,wheat multiple cropped with green manure(W-G)and wheat intercropped with maize(W||M)with a twice-a-year harvest,and wheat multiple cropped with green manure intercropped with maize(W-G||M)with a thrice-a-year harvest.The results indicated that the mixed grain yield of different cropping systems in-creased with the level of crop diversification.The twice-a-year harvest pattern W||M showed significantly higher yield than W and M,while W-G exhibited significantly higher yield than W.The three-harvest-a-year pattern W-G||M showed significantly higher yield than W||M and W-G.Under net acreage,the grain yield of both component crops increased with higher levels of diversifica-tion.Yield performance indicators such as LAI,LAD,and late phenological stage CGR of the main crop also increased with in-creasing levels of crop diversification.Regarding yield components,the number of kernels in the spike of wheat and the number of ears of maize increased with higher levels of crop diversification.W-G showed significantly higher values than W for the num-ber of kernels in the spike of wheat and the weight of 1000 kernels.Pathway analysis revealed that the yield increase in wheat was primarily attributed to the increase in the number of kernels i

关 键 词：作物多样化 绿肥 间作 复种 产量性能指标 

分 类 号：S55[农业科学—作物学] S513S512.1