湖南郴州树轮宽度的雪灾和气候环境变化记录  

Influences of snow disasters and climate changes on tree growth in Chenzhou,Hunan Province

作　　者：周秋月 蔡秋芳[1,3,4] 刘禹 谢梅[1,2] 孟克巴衣尔 任萌 ZHOU Qiuyue;CAI Qiufang;LIU Yu;XIE Mei;MENG Kebayier;REN Meng(State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi'an 710061,Shaanxi;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change,Xi'an 710061,Shaanxi;National Observation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain,Shaanxi,Xi'an 710061,Shaanxi;Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research,Xi'an 710061,Shaanxi)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球环境研究所,黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室,陕西西安710061 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院第四纪科学与全球变化卓越创新中心,陕西西安710061 [4]陕西关中平原区域生态环境变化与综合治理国家野外科学观测研究站,陕西西安710061 [5]西安地球环境创新研究院,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2024年第4期987-995,共9页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院(B类)战略性先导科技专项项目(批准号:XDB40010300);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划重点项目(批准号:2024JC-ZDXM-17);山东省专项经费(批准号:LSKJ202203300);国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目(批准号:42361144712);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目(批准号:2023-JC-QN-0307);中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室开放基金项目共同资助。

摘　　要：2008年1月至2月,我国南方经历了罕见的大范围低温、雨雪和冰冻灾害,人民生命财产安全和地方经济遭受了巨大损失。为了评估2008年雪灾事件及气候变化对树木生长的影响,本研究在湖南省宜章县境内采集了一组马尾松树木年轮样本,并建立了树轮宽度年表。虽然Pearson相关分析揭示树轮宽度年表与当年6月至10月的平均最低温度(r=-0.636,n=69,p<0.01)和前一年2月至12月的相对湿度(r=0.619,n=68,p<0.01)相关性最强,但滑动相关分析结果表明,树轮宽度与气候要素的关系随时间变化并不稳定,其表现在2008年雪灾事件之后研究区树木生长对气候要素的响应显著增强。为了进一步确认雪灾事件对树木生长的影响,通过历史文献记载搜集了2008年之前研究区发生的多次雪灾事件年份(1865年、1930年、1955年、1964年、1969年、1976年、1984年、1993年、1996年和2000年),并开展了时序叠加分析。结果表明,在历史时期,树轮宽度仅在雪灾发生当年略有降低,雪灾对随后年份的树木生长影响不大;而2008年雪灾导致当年及其后5年树轮宽度都显著下降,表明2008年雪灾的严重程度至少在过去166年内是史无前例的。进一步分析发现,EASM(东亚夏季风)及与之相关的大尺度环流变化如ENSO(厄尔尼诺-南方涛动)、PDO(太平洋年代际振荡)和WPSH(西太平洋副热带高压)影响着研究区过去166年来的气候环境变化,进而影响了树木生长。Global climate change has led to an increased frequency of extreme climate/weather events,which have had significant impacts on both natural ecosystems and the human environment.In January and February of 2008 A.D.,Southern China experienced a widespread extreme snowstorm,resulting in substantial losses to the national economy and human lives.To evaluate the impacts of this snow disaster event and climate change on tree growth,we collected 100 tree-ring cores from Pinus massoniana Lamb.in Yizhang County,Hunan Province(25°28'N,112°58'E;550~730m a.s.l).P.massoniana thrives in open standing conditions and is the dominant tree species in the study area.After cross-dating,we established a standardized tree-ring width(STD)chronology using 69 cores from 40 trees spanning a period of 176 years(1846~2021 A.D.),of which 166 years are credible.Surprisingly,there was a marked decrease in the tree-ring width in 2008 A.D.,reaching its lowest record(0.192)within the STD chronology.More specifically,in 2008 A.D.,97%of the cores exhibited a decrease in tree-ring width,and 48%reached historical low.Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the STD chronology exhibited a significant negative correlation with mean minimum temperature from June to October of the current year(r=-0.636,p<0.01),as well as a significant positive correlation with mean relative humidity from February to December of the previous year(r=0.619,p<0.01).However,it did not show any significant correlation with precipitation.It manifested that the tree-ring width encompassed integrated hydrothermal signals primarily influenced by temperature but also constrained by drought stress during summer and autumn seasons.Meanwhile,the 31-year moving correlation analysis revealed temporal instability in the relationship between the tree-ring STD chronology and climatic factors,which significantly intensified after the snow disaster in 2008 A.D.To validate the impact of snow disaster on tree growth,snow disaster events in the study area during the historical period were

关 键 词：树轮宽度 气候响应 雪灾事件 时序叠加分析 东亚夏季风 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学] P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]