苏北地区唐宋棺木种属鉴定及树轮年代学研究潜力  

Species identification and research potential of dendrochronology to Tang and Song dynasties coffins in northern Jiangsu Province,China

作　　者：张迪 方克艳[1] 贾鑫 周非飞[1] 梅泽鹏 肖中财 陈渊明 杜平 ZHANG Di;FANG Keyan;JIA Xin;ZHOU Feifei;MEI Zepeng;XIAO Zhongcai;CHEN Yuanming;DU Ping(Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of Ministry of Education,School of Geographical Science,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,Fujian;School of Geography,Nanjing Normal University,Institute of Environmental Archaeology,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu;Lianyungang Institute of Cultural Relics Protection and Archaeology,Lianyungang 222003,Jiangsu)

机构地区：[1]湿润亚热带生态-地理过程教育部重点实验室,福建师范大学地理科学学院,福建福州350117 [2]南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京师范大学环境考古研究院,江苏南京210023 [3]连云港市文物保护和考古研究所,江苏连云港222003

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2024年第4期1008-1020,共13页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院(B类)战略性先导科技专项项目(批准号:XDB26020000);国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41888101、41971022、42101082和41822101)共同资助。

摘　　要：历史时期木材遗存是研究过去环境、气候、社会经济状况以及古人地关系的重要材料。本研究对苏北地区(连云港海州区体育馆二期)5座唐宋时期墓葬的棺椁木进行树种鉴定,并探究其树木年代学研究的应用潜力。经鉴定,墓葬中的棺板样品均为杉木,但这一时期杉木的分布北界可能未到达海州地区(现连云港)。杉木能够成为该地区棺椁木制作的重要树种,可能得益于唐宋时期京杭大运河的发展带来的便利水运条件,降低了木料运输成本;同时这种对较大树龄杉木的开发利用,也反映了唐宋时期长江流域原始杉木林的存在。本研究还基于树木年代学方法对部分杉板进行交叉定年,采用6条序列建立晚唐五代时期238年树轮宽度浮动序列,13条序列建立412年北宋时期的树轮宽度浮动年表。这些样本间的一致性与平均敏感度较高,表明棺木树轮样本可用于树木年代学研究,为将来建立该气候区的树轮长年表奠定基础。Wooden remains from historical periods serve as crucial materials for studying past environments,climates,socio-economic conditions,and the relationships between ancient peoples and their geography.This study focuses on the wooden coffins from the ancient tomb complex located in the Haizhou District Gymnasium(34°33'51.17″N,119°09'46.38″E),PhaseⅡ,Lianyungang City,Jiangsu Province.Through comprehensive analysis based on the tombs'construction,stratigraphic relationships,and accompanying artifacts,it was discovered that the tombs span from the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Qing Dynasty,predominantly from the Late Tang,Five Dynasties to the Song Dynasty.Notably,the coffins from the Late Tang,Five Dynasties(M1,M23)and Northern Song Dynasty(M10,M12,M32)tombs were well-preserved.Eighteen coffin boards from these five coffins were selected for wood species identification using wood anatomy methods,revealing that all samples from the Tang and Song periods were made of fir.However,the northern boundary of fir distribution during the Tang and Song periods might not have extended to the Haizhou area(present-day Lianyungang),suggesting that the fir may have been transported via timber shipping trade from the richly forested mountains of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,facilitated by the convenient water transport conditions provided by the development of the Grand Canal,thus becoming an important wood type for coffin manufacturing in the region.Additionally,the exploitation of fir trees over 200 years old reflects the existence of primary fir forests in the Yangtze River basin during the Tang and Song periods.Moreover,the study applied dendrochronological methods to some fir boards,establishing a 238-year tree-ring width chronology for the Late Tang and Five Dynasties period and a 412-year chronology for the Northern Song period using six and thirteen sequences,respectively.The high consistency and mean sensitivity among these samples indicate that the coffin tree-ring samples are su

关 键 词：树轮 唐宋朝代 棺木 木材识别 木材利用 杉木 

分 类 号：K871.13[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] S718.5[历史地理—历史学]