追求中等强国地位的身份认知与行为选择:哈萨克斯坦的实践及成效  

Identity Perception and Behavioural Choices in the Pursuit of Middle Power Status:Practice and Effectiveness of Kazakhstan

作　　者：周明[1,2,3] 李琼 Zhou Ming;Li Qiong

机构地区：[1]兰州大学中亚研究所 [2]兰州大学上海合作组织研究中心 [3]兰州大学西北少数民族研究中心 [4]兰州大学政治与国际关系学院

出　　处：《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》2024年第4期74-97,163,164,共26页Russian，East European & Central Asian Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(23VXJ038)的阶段性成果;2024年度兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金战略发展专项项目“俄乌冲突以来中亚地区形势的变化与中国的中亚政策研究”(2024jbkyzx003)的资助。

摘　　要：中等强国是国际关系中的重要力量。世界政治动荡和全球治理失序使一些国家将追求中等强国地位作为主要目标,进而在特定问题领域和地区事务中发挥影响力。哈萨克斯坦独立后,不断积累的人口、经济和军事实力等物质资源增强了它追求中等强国地位的实力基础,而中亚国家区域合作机制的初现进一步增强了哈萨克斯坦追求中等强国地位的意愿。此外,大国在中亚地区的竞争与合作则为哈萨克斯坦实现这一目标提供了契机。在外交层面,哈萨克斯坦实行多元平衡的外交战略,在政治、经济、文化及全球治理等多个领域开展外交活动,寻求国际社会对其中等强国地位的承认。基于学术界对中等强国地位的评估路径,从功能性、行为性、等级性及观念性四个层面对哈萨克斯坦追求中等强国地位的外交实践效果进行评估可以发现,哈萨克斯坦并非完整意义上的中等强国,在它追求中等强国的过程中,面临各种国内外因素的限制,这对哈萨克斯坦追求中等强国地位构成了重要挑战。Middle powers are important forces in international relations.The world's political turbulence and disordered global governance have led some countries to pursue middlepower status as their main objective and,in turn,to exert influence in specific issue areas and regional affairs.After independence,Kazakhstan's accumulated material resources in terms of population,economy,and military power have strengthened its power base for pursuing the status of a middle power.At the same time,the incipient mechanisms of regional cooperation among the Central Asian countries have further increased Kazakhstan's willingness to pursue the status of a middle power.In addition,the intensification of the interaction of the major powers in Central Asia provides Kazakhstan with an opportunity to achieve this goal.At the diplomatic level,Kazakhstan has followed a foreign policy of multivector diplomacy,which seeks international recognition of its status as a middle power through the practice of diplomacy in a variety of political,economic,cultural and global governance spheres.Based on the academic assessment of the middle power status,this study evaluates the effectiveness of Kazakhstan's diplomatic practice in pursuing the status of a middle power in four dimensions:functional,behavioral,hierarchical,and conceptual,findingthat Kazakhstan is not a middle power in the full sense of the word,and that it faces the constraints of a variety of domestic and foreign factors,which poses an important challenge in the pursuit of the status of a middle power.

关 键 词：哈萨克斯坦 中等强国 多元平衡外交 软制衡 利基外交 

分 类 号：D836.1[政治法律—政治学]