2018—2022年济南市大气PM_(2.5)中水溶性离子污染特征分析及来源解析  

Analysis of characteristics and sources of water-soluble inorganic ion pollution in PM_(2.5)in Jinan city from 2018 to 2022

作　　者：田文霞 张鑫[1] 张瑛[1] 孙湛[1] 孟中华[1] 匡彦 TIAN Wen-xia;ZHANG Xin;ZHANG Ying;SUN Zhan;MENG Zhong-hua;KUANG Yan(Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jinan,Shandong 250021,China)

机构地区：[1]济南市疾病预防控制中心,山东济南250021

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第15期2731-2736,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：2022年济南市卫生健康委员会公共卫生计划专项(2022-公-15);2023年济南市卫生健康委员会公共卫生计划专项(2023-公-13)。

摘　　要：目的探讨济南市近五年大气细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))中水溶性无机离子(Cl-、NO_(3)^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)、NH_(4)^(+))的污染变化特征,为进一步的城市环境治理提供科学依据。方法采集2018年1月—2022年12月济南市市中区和历城区2个监测点的大气PM_(2.5)滤膜样品,检测PM_(2.5)及水溶性离子的质量浓度,分析区域性和季节性变化特征,对污染来源进行分析。结果2018—2022年两区监测点大气PM_(2.5)质量浓度趋势变化不大;但是4种水溶性离子浓度冬季最高,夏季最低,季节间浓度有统计学差异(P<0.05);每年大气PM_(2.5)中4种水溶性离子浓度最高月份均出现在12月、1月或2月;2018—2022年历城区ρ(NO_(3)^(-))/ρ(SO_(4)^(2-))比值依次为0.24、1.23、1.66、1.33、0.78,市中区ρ(NO_(3)^(-))/ρ(SO_(4)^(2-))比值依次为0.23、1.24、1.61、1.39、0.80;两区的硫氧化率(SOR)比值均大于0.25,氮氧化率(NOR)比值除2018年夏季、冬季和2022年的春季外,其余时间均大于0.1。根据ρ(NO_(3)^(-))/ρ(SO_(4)^(2-))比值判断2019、2020和2021年以机动车为代表的移动污染源对济南市PM_(2.5)的贡献比固定污染源大,根据SOR和NOR比值判断济南市两区的NO_(2)和SO_(2)的二次转化程度较高。结论随着空气质量的改善,从水溶性离子的质量浓度和来源分析来看,严格控制工业污染和移动源的排放仍然是空气治理的重点。Objective To investigate the pollution characteristics of water-soluble inorganic ions(Cl-,NO_(3)^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),and NH_(4)^(+))in atmospheric fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))in Jinan city over the past five years and provide scientific evidence for further urban environmental governance.Methods PM_(2.5)filter samples were collected from January 2018 to December 2022 at two monitoring sites in Shizhong District and Licheng District of Jinan city.The mass concentrations of PM_(2.5)and water-soluble ions were measured,and the regional and seasonal variations were analyzed.The sources of pollution were also analyzed.Results The mass concentration trend of atmospheric PM_(2.5)at the two monitoring sites showed little change from 2018 to 2022.However,the concentrations of the four water-soluble ions were the highest in winter and the lowest in summer,with statistically significant differences between seasons(P<0.05).The highest monthly concentrations of the four water-soluble ions in PM_(2.5)occurred in December,January,or February each year.The ratios ofρ(NO_(3)^(-))/ρ(SO_(4)^(2-))in Licheng District from 2018 to 2022 were 0.24,1.23,1.66,1.33,and 0.78,and in Shizhong District,the ratios were 0.23,1.24,1.61,1.39,and 0.80,respectively.The sulfur oxidation ratio(SOR)in both districts was greater than 0.25,and the nitrogen oxidation ratio(NOR)was greater than 0.1 for all periods except for summer and winter in 2018 and spring in 2022.Based on theρ(NO_(3)^(-))/ρ(SO_(4)^(2-))ratio,it was determined that from 2019 to 2021,mobile pollution sources represented by motor vehicles made a greater contribution to PM_(2.5)in Jinan city than fixed pollution sources.According to the SOR and NOR ratios,it was concluded that the secondary conversion of NO2 and SO2 in both districts of Jinan city was relatively high.Conclusion Despite improvements in air quality,strict control of industrial pollution and emissions from mobile sources remains a key focus of air quality management,as evidenced by the analysis of the mass concentrati

关 键 词：PM_(2.5) 水溶性离子 污染特征 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程] R122[医药卫生—环境卫生学]