不同养老模式下农村老年人养老服务需求状况研究  

Elderly care service demands under different care models in rural areas

作　　者：王梦雪 柴钰霖 付国琪 刘彦旭 罗盛 李伟 WANG Meng-xue;CHAI Yu-lin;FU Guo-qi;LIU Yan-xu;LUO Sheng;LI Wei(School of Management,Shandong Second Medical University,Weifang,Shandong 261053,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东潍坊261053 [2]山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第15期2774-2779,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71774119);中国学位与研究生教育学会研究课题(2020MSA145);山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2023MG004,ZR2023MG019);山东省软科学研究计划项目(2022RKY07010);山东省研究生教育教学改革研究项目(SDYJSJGC2023067)。

摘　　要：目的分析山东省三大养老模式下老年人养老服务需求的差异性及影响因素,剖析当前农村老年人养老服务存在的主要问题及原因,为提高农村养老服务能力和发展活力提供理论和实证性依据。方法以多阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取的1463名老年人为研究对象。采用q检验、方差分析对老年人不同养老服务需求的差异性进行统计学检验;采用对应分析探讨不同养老模式下老年人养老服务需求的分布趋势。结果老年人生活质量总得分在家庭养老模式下为(46.83±6.95)分、在机构养老模式下为(40.58±6.89)分、在社区养老模式下为(55.12±7.62)分,且每个维度上的得分均有统计学差异;家庭养老、机构养老、社区养老三种模式需求总得分分别为(198.65±16.3)、(190.82±14.1)和(202.36±19.2)分,不同养老模式在生活照料、精神慰藉、医疗护理、疾病预防和健康促进五个层面上的服务需求存在显著差异。结论进一步丰富养老模式及其内涵,根据不同的养老模式下老年人具体需求,提供有针对性的服务项目,更好地为老年人提供综合性生活支持、全生命周期健康服务和整合型护理模式,从而更好地提高老年人生活质量。Objective To analyze the elderly care service demands under the three major care models in Shandong Province,explore the influencing factors,and dissect the main problems and reasons,to provide empirical evidence for improving the capacity and vitality of rural elderly care.Methods A total of 1463 elderly people were selected as the research subjects using a multi-stage random sampling method.The q test and variance analysis were used to examine the differences in elderly care service demands across different care models.The corresponding analysis was employed to explore the trends of elderly care service demands under different care models.Results The total scores of elderly life quality were(46.83±6.95)points in the family care model,(40.58±6.89)points in the institution care model,and(55.12±7.62)points in the community care model,with statistically significant differences in each dimension.The total scores of services demand for family,institution,and community care models were(198.65±16.3)points,(190.82±14.1)points,and(202.36±19.2)points.There were significant differences in service needs in life care,mental comfort,medical care,disease prevention,and health promotion among different elderly care models.Conclusion It is necessary to further enrich the concept of care models and tailor services to the specific needs of the elderly under different care models.Providing targeted service projects based on diverse elderly care needs can better support the elderly’s living needs,offer lifelong health services,and implement a nursing model,to improve the quality of life for the elderly.

关 键 词：老年人 养老服务 卫生服务需求 

分 类 号：R195.1[医药卫生—卫生统计学] C913.6[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]