论“名动包含”说的理据及其所面临的难题  

On the Motivations and Related Issues of Noun-verb Inclusion Hypothesis

作　　者：潘海华[1] 孙帆 PAN Haihua;SUN Fan

机构地区：[1]香港中文大学语言学及现代语言系,中国999077 [2]北京语言大学语言科学院,100083

出　　处：《汉语学报》2024年第3期2-15,共14页Chinese Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“形式语义学的汉语研究与形式语义学理论创新”(编号:22&ZD295)的成果之一。

摘　　要：本文从语义类型角度出发,讨论“名动包含”说的成因,关注“零句”说之下“名动包含”说的推导过程以及名词成分和动词成分指称性的由来。本文指出:类型为e的指称语、类型为t的命题或类型为<st,t>的命题集合均可以做话题;英语中-ing可以是区分主要动词和次要动词的一种句法手段,不一定意味着所附着的动词在主宾语位置需要经历指称化过程;动词“是”后的成分在等值结构和述谓结构中为不同的语义类型,并不都具有指称性;而正是由于名词成分语义类型的多样性,不同句法类别在语义类型保持一致的情况下可以形成并列;即使假设动词成分事件化后具有指称性,能够指称事件个体,它与其他词类的指称语也是不同的,相互之间也是形成平行关系,而不是包含关系。From the perspective of semantic type,this paper discusses the rationale of Noun-verb Inclusion Hypothesis,its derivative process in the framework of minor sentences,and the origin of the referentiality of the nominal and verbal elements.It is pointed out that expressions of type e,propositions of type t and sets of propositions of type<st,t>can all be the topic of a sentence.In English,-ing is a syntactic means of differentiating finite verbs from non-finite verbs and does not necessarily imply that verbs with the-ing pattern need to undergo a process of nominalization when appearing in the subject or object position.In Chinese,the elements following the verb shi are of different semantic types,e.g.identificational and the predicational,and they are not all referential.And because of the diversity of semantic types of noun phrases,different syntactic categories can be juxtaposed while maintaining the same semantic type.Even if it is assumed that verbs can refer to events when nominalized,their references are still in parallel with those of other categories,and cannot form the inclusive relationship.

关 键 词：零句 名动包含 话题 指称性 语义类型 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]