易本烺《字辨证篆》“误省”同形分类考察  

A Study on the Homograph Types of Mistaken Omission in the Zi Bian Zheng Zhuan(《字辨证篆》)Written by Yi Benlang

作　　者：雍淑凤[1] YONG Shufeng

机构地区：[1]巢湖学院文学与传媒学院

出　　处：《汉字汉语研究》2024年第2期58-72,126,共16页The Study Of Chinese Characters And Language

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“战国文字专字整理与研究”(20CYY041);安徽省省级质量工程项目省级教学示范课“古代汉语”(2020SJJXSFK1707);安徽省省级质量工程项目课程思政示范课“古代汉语”(2020szsfkc0642)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《字辨证篆》是清代易本烺在文字学方面的代表作。“误省,指本非省字而误作省者。”《字辨证篆·误省》收录了“误省”实例40例,其揭示的同形字类型有:一个字与另一个字的换声符俗字同形;一个字与另一个字的会意俗字同形;一个字与另一个字的简省某些部件的俗字同形;一个字与另一个字的讹变俗字同形;一个字与另一个字的通假俗字同形;一个字与另一个字的借形俗字同形;一个字的讹字与另一个字的省形俗字同形;一个字的古文与另一个字的音近换声旁简体俗字同形。这些“误省”实例告诉我们要从形音义三个方面综合辨析字际关系。这些同形字以同为形声字的同形字居多;在形声字的同形现象跟假借现象之间有时很难划出一条截然分开的界限;这些同形字形成的主要原因是字形简化或字形讹混或字形简化和字形讹混共同作用。“古代汉语”课程学习要引导学生辨析同形字。Zi Bian Zheng Zhuan(《字辨证篆》)is a masterpiece in philology which is written by Yi Benlang in Qing Dynasty.“Mistaken Omission”refers to characters that are mistakenly written as“省(sheng)”instead of their original form.There are 40 examples of mistake omission.The paper studies the phenomena of“mistaken omission”,which are reflected in Zi Bian Zheng Zhuan(《字辨证篆》).It reveals several types of homophonic characters,including characters with shared phonetic components,characters with shared semantic components,characters with simplified parts,characters with erroneous changes,characters with shared pronunciations,characters with borrowed forms,characters with erroneous substitutions,and characters with simplified forms and similar pronunciations.These examples tell us that we should distinguish inter-character relations from three aspects:form,sound and meaning.Most of these homophonic characters are formed within the category of phonetic-semantic characters,and it is sometimes difficult to draw a clear distinction between homophonic and borrowed forms.The main causes of these homophonic characters are simplification,confusion,or a combination of both.The study of“Ancient Chinese Language”should guide students in distinguishing homophonic characters.

关 键 词：字辨证篆 误省 同形字类型 

分 类 号：H12[语言文字—汉语]