废铝回收再利用的研究现状  

Research status of scrap aluminum recycling

作　　者：李若宇 王耀武 郭不拘 潘生进 王昌 王柯 LI Ruoyu;WANG Yaowu;GUO Buju;PAN Shengjin;WANG Chang;WANG Ke(School of Metallurgy,Northeastern University,Shengyang 110819,China;Zouping County Hongzheng New Material Technology Co.Ltd.,Zouping 256299,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学冶金学院,辽宁沈阳摇110819 [2]邹平县宏正新材料科技有限公司,山东邹平摇256299

出　　处：《中国有色冶金》2024年第4期84-93,共10页China Nonferrous Metallurgy

基　　金：国家自然基金项目“废铝可溶阳极电解提取纯铝的基础研究”(52374352)。

摘　　要：铝及铝合金的抗腐蚀性强,在使用过程中损耗程度极低,具有极高的再生利用价值,促进废铝回收可显著降低铝行业的能耗和碳排放。本论文主要对废铝的重熔降级回收、保级回收及越级回收工艺进行了总结,对各工艺的优缺点进行分析。采用传统的废铝重熔降级再生工艺无法完全去除铝中的合金元素与金属杂质,再生铝只能降级利用,但随着再生铝量的增加,传统的降级利用技术将无法消纳过量再生铝。保级回收可实现废铝资源价值最大化,但是只有极少量的优质废旧铝合金能实现其固有价值,大部分废铝资源难以实现。废铝越级回收技术能够将铝合金中铝与合金元素进行有效分离,使回收的铝达到原铝的质量水平,可实现废铝的彻底再生,是废铝再生的最佳途径之一。熔盐电解法是最具发展前景的废铝提铝再生技术。Aluminum and aluminum alloys have strong corrosion resistance,very low loss and high recycling value.Promoting the recycling of spent aluminum can significantly reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions in the aluminum industry.In this paper,the process of downcycling,equivalent recycling and upcycling of spent aluminum is summarized,and the advantages and disadvantages of each process are analyzed.The traditional spent aluminum remelting degradation regeneration process can not completely remove the alloying elements and metal impurities in aluminum,recycled aluminum can only be degraded,but with the increase of recycled aluminum,the traditional degradation utilization technology will not be able to use so much recycled aluminum.Grade protection recycling can maximize the value of spent aluminum resources,but only a very small number of high-quality spent aluminum alloys can realize its inherent value,and it is difficult to achieve most of the spent aluminum resources.Spent aluminum Upcycling technology can separate aluminum and alloying elements,so that the recovered aluminum can reach the quality level of primary aluminum,and can realize the complete regeneration of spent aluminum,which is the best way to recycle waste aluminum.Molten salt electrolysis is the most promising technology for extracting aluminum from spent aluminum.

关 键 词：废铝回收 再生铝品质 降级利用 保级回收 越级回收 熔盐电解法 

分 类 号：TF821[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] TF805.2