关于北京大学藏秦简《算书乙种》的综合研究  

A Comprehensive Study of the Mathematical Treatise:Second Manuscript on the Qin Bamboo Slips Preserved at Peking University

作　　者：邹大海[1] 夏庆卓 ZOU Dahai;XIA Qingzhuo(Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,CAS,Beijing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《自然科学史研究》2024年第2期129-145,共17页Studies in The History of Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项“《北京大学藏秦简牍》数学文献研究”(项目编号:23VJXG012);中国科学院战略研究专项:中国科学院自然科学史研究所“十四五”重大项目“中国科技传统及其现实意义研究”。

摘　　要：新近公布的北京大学藏秦简牍中有三种前所未知的数学著作,《算书乙种》是其中之一。本文首次对它进行系统的研究,分析其体例与编纂特点、知识类型与数学方法,以及相关的社会背景,并修正了以前学术界的若干不当认识。此书为撮编之作,结构上有一定层次,体现出编排的意图但考虑不周。作为实用算法式数学文献,此书不属于从“九数”发展至《九章算术》的经典系统,但它的内容仍为刘徽关于《九章算术》源于其先秦祖本的记载提供了新的直接证据。同时,此书也为研究秦国和秦代社会经济提供了难得的原始文献。The recently published Qin bamboo manuscripts preserved at Peking University include three previously unknown mathematical works,one of which is the Suanshu yizhong(算书乙种,Mathematical Treatise:the Second Manuscript).This paper provides the first systematic study of it,analyzes its style and compilation,knowledge types and mathematical methods,as well as relevant social context.It corrects several mistaken understandings in previous studies.The work is a compilation with a specific hierarchical structure,reflecting an intended arrangement,though with some oversights.As a document of practical mathematical procedures,it does not belong to the classical system that evolved from the“jiushu(九数,nine branches of mathematics)”to the Jiuzhang suanshu(九章算术,Nine Chapters on Mathematical Procedures).However,its content still provides new direct evidence for Liu Hui s record that the Nine Chapters on Mathematical Procedures originated from its pre-Qin ancestors.At the same time,it also serves as a valuable source through which we can study the society and economy of the Qin State and the Qin Dynasty.

关 键 词：北京大学藏秦简牍 《算书乙种》 《九章算术》 中国数学史 计量制度 秦汉史 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]