北宋崇宁恒星观测新探  

New Research on Star Observations in the Chongning Periodof the Northern Song Dynasty

作　　者：杨伯顺 褚龙飞[1] YANG Boshun;CHU Longfei(Dept.of the History of Science and Scientific Archaeology,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系,合肥230026

出　　处：《自然科学史研究》2024年第2期171-188,共18页Studies in The History of Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“唐宋时期恒星观测实践过程的重构研究”(项目编号:12103051);国家社会科学重大项目“中日韩古天文图整理与研究”(项目编号:16ZDA143)。

摘　　要：对于北宋崇宁时期的恒星观测问题,以前学界了解甚少。本文通过分析一批新的古代恒星数据,发现崇宁年间其实进行过一次与皇祐时期规模相似的大型恒星观测活动。在剔除这批数据中人为构造的成分之后,计算其观测精度与年代,发现崇宁恒星数据的观测精度明显优于皇祐星表,是目前所见北宋恒星观测的最高水平。本文认为北宋时期是天文观测发展史上的关键节点,这一时期的天文观测者重视浑仪细节,追求观测数据精密性,展现了与汉唐时期天文学不同的特质。崇宁观测是这一全新趋势的最终成就。The academic community had little understanding of stellar observation issues during the Chongning(崇宁)period of the Northern Song Dynasty.By studying a new batch of ancient star data,this article finds that a large-scale star observation activity similar to that of the Huangyou(皇祐)period was actually carried out during the Chongning period.After eliminating the made-up components in this batch of data,and calculating its observation accuracy and age,the authors found that the observation accuracy of Chongning star data is significantly better than the Huangyou star catalog,making it the highest level of Northern Song star observations yet seen.This article believes that the Northern Song Dynasty was a key moment in the history of the development of astronomical observation.Astronomical observers in this period paid attention to the details of the armillary sphere and pursued precision of observation data,showing different characteristics from astronomy in the Han and Tang Dynasties.The Chongning observations were the ultimate achievement of this new trend.

关 键 词：崇宁 恒星观测 星表 浑仪 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]