检疫转向细菌战:二战时期关东军应对马疫的历程  

Quarantine Turned to Bacteriological Warfare:the Kwantung Army's Response to the Horse Epidemic during the Second World War

作　　者：赵士见 ZHAO Shijian(School of History and Culture,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学历史文化学院,长春130024

出　　处：《自然科学史研究》2024年第2期222-239,共18页Studies in The History of Natural Sciences

基　　金：吉林省社会科学基金项目“基于‘微观史学’的侵华日军第100部队罪行研究”(2022C161)。

摘　　要：九一八事变后,关东军在日本和伪满机构协助下,初步建立起军马检疫体制,并取得良好效果。关东军还深入调查和研究各类马疫,从中选定炭疽、鼻疽作为重点研究对象。1936年后,关东军转向细菌武器研究。太平洋战争爆发后,关东军加快细菌武器研制步伐,开展人体实验和野外毒性试验,还在浙赣战场实行细菌武器攻击,长久贻害当地民众和生态。日本战败前夕,关东军违反国际公约,量产马疫细菌武器,设立军团兽疫部队,为实施大规模细菌战做准备,犯下了严重的战争罪和反人类罪。After the Mukden Incident,the Kwantung Army,with the assistance of Japan and puppet Manchurian institutions,initially established a military horses quarantine system,with good results.The Kwantung Army also conducted an in-depth investigation and study of all kinds of horse epidemics,from which anthrax and glanders were selected as key research subjects.After 1936,the Kwantung Army turned to bacteriological weapons research.After the outbreak of the Pacific War,the Kwantung Army accelerated the development of bacteriological weapons,carring out human experiments and field toxicity tests,and instigating bacterial weapons attacks on the Zhejiang(浙江)-Jiangxi(江西)battlefield,causing long-term harm to the local people and the ecology.On the eve of Japan s defeat,the Kwantung Army violated international conventions by mass-producing equine epidemic bacteriological weapons,setting up army groups of animal epidemic units,preparing for large-scale germ warfare,and committing serious war crimes and crimes against humanity.

关 键 词：关东军 军马 检疫 防疫 细菌战 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]