19世纪中期以来印度民族主义叙事中的女性想象嬗变  

The Evolution of Women’s Imaginations in Indian Nationalist Narratives since the Mid-19th Century

作　　者：刘鑫 LIU Xin

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学外国语学院

出　　处：《南亚东南亚研究》2024年第2期135-151,157,158,共19页South and Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：北京市社科基金规划项目“印度当代英语小说的‘边缘现实主义’研究”(项目编号:22WXB004)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自1857年印度民族大起义以来,在印度民族国家萌芽、建立、发展和壮大的百余年间,女性被深入糅合进民族主义的塑造过程,支持并滋养各种民族主义话语,服务于印度民族国家政权合法性的建构需求。随着时代的变迁,印度民族主义叙事中的规范性女性气质发生了很大变化。19世纪中后期,印度本土民族主义精英面对英国殖民者的统治与西方文明使命话语的冲击,将提高女性地位与民族现代化进程联系起来,塑造了有别于旧女性、底层女性和西方女性的印度“新女性”。20世纪上半叶,“印度母亲”作为一种“祖国母亲”式的隐喻结构和国家的人格化表述,成为印度民族主义者实现民族动员和呼吁男人作战的象征力量,爱国“母亲”纷纷以在家纺布和抵制洋货的形式支持民族主义事业,成为那个时代的标志。印巴分治时期,印度民族主义者通过对女性身体的想象建构了民族国家话语,女性担负起守护民族“纯洁性”和“荣誉”的双重使命,为保贞洁、不被异族强奸或玷污而殉身的“印度教女性”便成为印度女性典范。独立后,一方面,随着印度现代化进程加快,兼具传统与现代品质的“受教育的城市中产阶级职业女性”成为印度优秀公民的代表;另一方面,女性在日益发展的印度教民族主义运动中也扮演了煽动教徒情绪、唤醒女性反抗的积极主体角色。Since the Indian Rebellion of 1857,over a century of beginning,establishment,development,and growth of the Indian nationalist state,women have been deeply involved in shaping nationalism,supporting and nourishing various nationalist discourses,and serving the construction needs of the legitimacy of the Indian nationalist state.With changing times,the normative femininity in the Indian nationalist narratives have undergone significant changes.In the mid-to-late 19th century,facing the rule of British colonists and the impact of Western civilization discourse,indigenous nationalist elites in India associated the improvement of women’s status with the process of national modernization,and constructed the“new woman”of India,distinct from the obsolete,lower-class woman and Western women.In the first half of the 20th century,“Mother India”,as a metaphorical structure like“Motherland”and a personified expression of the nation,became a symbolic force for Indian nationalists to mobilize the nation and call upon men to fight.Patriotic“mothers”supported the nationalist cause by spinning cloth at home and boycotting foreign goods,becoming iconic figures of that era.During the partition of India(Bhārat kāVibhājan),Indian nationalists constructed national narratives through the imagination of women’s bodies,and it became the dual mission of women to protect national“purity”and“honor”,with the“Indian women”exemplifying sacrifice,remaining chastity,and avoiding rape or sexually harassment by foreign invaders.After independence,on the one hand,with the acceleration of India’s modernization,the“urban educated middle-class professional women”embodying both traditional and modern qualities have become representatives of India’s outstanding citizens.On the other hand,women have also played an active role as instigators of Indian nationalist sentiment and awakening resistance among women to fight in the burgeoning Indian nationalist movement.

关 键 词：印度母亲 印度女性 女性想象 民族主义叙事 印度教民族主义 

分 类 号：D735.1[政治法律—政治学]