P.M.S布莱克特:冷战语境下科学精英的多重社会角色  

P.M.S.Blackett:The Multiple Social Roles of Scientific Elite in the Context of the Cold War

作　　者：孙艺洪 SUN Yihong(School of Humanities,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学人文学院,北京100049

出　　处：《广西民族大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第2期10-20,39,共12页Journal of Guangxi Minzu University ：Natural Science Edition

摘　　要：P.M.S布莱克特是20世纪最伟大的物理学家之一,也是英国左翼科学精英群体的重要成员。随着全球冷战的开启,受科学家的社会责任感、政治立场等因素的影响,以布莱克特为代表的科学精英利用其科学声望和影响力,扮演着多重社会角色。根据布莱克特手稿、演讲稿、书信以及他人评述等材料,文章分析了P.M.S布莱克特原子能“异教徒”、政府科学顾问、第三世界科学的友好使者和科学帅才四重角色。微观上,角色之间错综复杂:或彼此成就,相得益彰;或相互配合,实现共同目标;或在彼此影响下动态演变。宏观上,科学精英深深嵌入风云变幻的冷战体系中,能动性与局限性并存,凸显了冷战语境下科学与政治互动的多元性与不确定性。P.M.S.Blackett was one of the greatest physicists of the 20th century and an important member of Britain's left-wing scientific elites.With the onset of the global Cold War,Blackett and other scientific elites,driven by scientists'sense of social responsibility and political statement,used their scientific prestige and influence to play multiple social roles.Based on both primary and secondary archives of Blackett's manuscripts,speeches,correspondence,and comments by others,the author analyzes Blackett's roles as an atomic"heretic",a scientific adviser to the government,a friendly envoy to the third world,and a scientific leader.Microscopically,the relationship between several roles is intricate:share weal and woe;or cooperate with each other to achieve common goals;or evolve dynamically affected by others.Macroscopically,scientific elites were deeply embedded in the ever-changing Cold War system,and their initiative and limitations coexisted,highlighting the pluralism and uncertainty of the interaction between science and politics in the context of the Cold War.

关 键 词：布莱克特 科学精英 冷战 原子能 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]