基于球杆仪的五轴数控机床动态精度检测  

Dynamic Accuracy Testing Method for Five-Axis Machine Tools Based on Double Ballbar

作　　者：单亚林 郑刚 张旭 SHAN Yalin;ZHENG Gang;ZHANG Xu(Shanghai Physical Vapor Deposition(PVD)Superhard Coating and Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center,Shanghai Institute of Technology,Shanghai 201418,China;Wuxi Research Institute,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuxi 214174,China)

机构地区：[1]上海应用技术大学上海物理气相沉积(PVD)超硬涂层及装备工程技术研究中心,上海201418 [2]华中科技大学无锡研究院,无锡214174

出　　处：《组合机床与自动化加工技术》2024年第8期112-115,120,共5页Modular Machine Tool & Automatic Manufacturing Technique

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51975344)。

摘　　要：针对五轴数控机床的动态精度检验,提出一种基于球杆仪的五轴联动检测方法。该方法基于传统圆弧检测,通过研究S试件构型,提取S形试件加工时五轴联动刀轴矢量,与圆弧检测点位进行匹配,使得在刀尖点做圆周运动的同时,刀轴做复杂摆动,从而模拟在加工复杂曲面时机床的实际运动状态;构建了基于球杆仪的五轴数控机床动态误差模型,通过运动链传递,推导出各轴动态误差与球杆仪数据的表达式;利用该方法指导各轴伺服参数优化调整,能够提高数控机床的动态精度。通过进行在机测量实验,验证了该方法对数控机床五轴动态性能检测的有效性。In order to address the dynamic accuracy inspection of five-axis CNC machine tools,a five-axis synchronous detection method based on a ball bar is proposed.This method is based on traditional circular arc detection and involves studying the configuration of S-shaped workpieces to extract the five-axis coordinated tool axis vectors during the machining of S-shaped workpieces.These vectors are then matched with the circle detection positions.This enables the tool tip to perform circular motion while the tool axis performs complex swinging,thereby simulating the actual machine tool motion during the machining of complex surfaces.A dynamic error model of a five axis CNC machine tool based on a ball and rod instrument was constructed,and the expression of the dynamic error of each axis and the data of the ball and rod instrument was derived through motion chain transmission.Using this method to guide the optimization and adjustment of servo parameters for each axis can improve the dynamic accuracy of CNC machine tools.The effectiveness of this method for dynamic performance detection of five-axis CNC machine tools was verified through machine measurement experiments.

关 键 词：五轴数控机床 动态精度检测 伺服参数 球杆仪 

分 类 号：TH161[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TG502[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]