从减租减息到“五四”指示:过渡阶段的减租清算斗争——以晋绥边区崞县为中心的考察  

From Rent Reduction and Interest Reduction to the"May Fourth Directive":The Struggle for Rent Reduction and Liquidation in the Transitional Stage——An Investigation Centered on Guoxian County in the Shanxi-Suiyuan Border Region

作　　者：岳谦厚[1] 苏铭 Yue Qianhou;Su Ming

机构地区：[1]南京大学中华民国史研究中心暨历史学院,江苏南京210023 [2]山西大学马克思主义学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《苏区研究》2024年第4期98-115,共18页

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“华北革命根据地中国共产党农村支部研究”(21AZS013)。

摘　　要：减租清算是中共土地政策实现由减租减息向“耕者有其田”转变的必由之路,主要内容是民众以“算账”方式从被清算者手中取得一定数量的生产生活资料。随着清算果实分配,晋绥边区崞县某些区村各阶层间的地权关系发生微妙变化,呈现出“中间不动,两头平”的趋势。诚然,中共在减租清算过程中不得不面对因群众思想觉悟低下、封建敌对势力干扰及干部思想和工作作风不良而造成的诸多困境,但在行之有效的政策举措应对之下,崞县的减租清算斗争仍取得明显成效,民众在某种程度上实现经济和政治双重翻身,极大刺激了其生产和参军热情。而中共组织队伍则在这种斗争中得到淬炼,为此后土改政策贯彻执行累积了宝贵经验。Rent reduction and liquidation were the necessary path for the CPC's land policy to shift from rent reduction and interest reduction to"land for the tiller".The main content was that the people obtained a certain amount of production and living materials from the liquidated parties through"accounting".With the distribution of liquidation fruits,there were subtle changes in the land ownership relationship between certain districts,villages,and social classes in Guoxian County,Shanxi-Suiyuan Border Region,showing a trend of"no movement in the middle,two ends flat".Undoubtedly,the CPC had to face many difficulties in the process of rent reduction and liquidation due to the low ideological consciousness of the masses,interference from feudal hostile forces,and poor ideological and work styles of cadres.However,under effective policy measures,the rent reduction and liquidation struggle in Guoxian County still achieved significant results,and the people achieved a dual transformation in economy and politics to some extent,greatly stimulating their enthusiasm for production and military participation.The CPC's organizational team was tempered in this struggle,accumulating valuable experience in the implementation of land reform policies in the future.

关 键 词：晋绥边区 崞县 减租清算 群众运动 果实分配 地权变化 

分 类 号：F329[经济管理—产业经济] D231[政治法律—政治学]