由明清小说看“称谓之不古”现象  

From the Ming and Qing Novels to See the“ChengweiZhiBugu(称谓之不古)”Phenomenon

作　　者：樊瑞冬 Fan Ruidong(History Group,Juancheng County NO.12 Middle School,Juancheng 274600,China)

机构地区：[1]鄄城县第十二中学历史组,山东鄄城274600

出　　处：《现代语文》2024年第6期78-83,共6页Modern Chinese

摘　　要：在称呼语的使用方面,古人往往会严格遵守礼仪规范,并表现出鲜明的阶级属性或文化阶层属性。从明代后期至清代中叶,随着商品经济的发展,传统的封建伦理道德受到冲击,社会风气发生了很大改变,这也影响到人们的思想观念、价值取向和行为规范。蒲松龄曾在《聊斋志异》中批判“称谓之不古”现象,而在《醒世姻缘传》《儒林外史》《红楼梦》中,也出现了不顾现实身份而任意改变称呼语的描写。称呼语反映着人们的社会属性,与整个社会文化、思想背景息息相关。在古典小说中,称谓具有点石成金的效果,分析不同阶层、地位之间使用称呼语的差别,能够更深入地了解作者的创作意图,进而探寻其背后的民族心理和文化内涵。People often abide by etiquette norms in the use of address terms,showing a certain class attribute.With the decline of the ruling order in the Ming and Qing dynasties,the traditional feudal ethics were impacted,which also affected people’s ideas,values and behavior norms.Pu Songling once criticized the phenomenon of“chengweizhibugu(称谓之不古)”in LiaozhaiZhiyi(《聊斋志异》),while in XingshiyinyuanZhuan(《醒世姻缘传》),RulinWaishi(《儒林外史》)and HonglouMeng(《红楼梦》),there are also disregarding the identity of the arbitrary change of address terms of the description.Address forms reflect people’s social attributes and are closely related to the whole social culture and thought background.In classical novels,addressing has a Pots of Gold effect.By analysing the differences in the use of addressing terms between different classes and positions,one can better understand the author’s intentions,and then explore the national psychology and cultural connotation behind it.

关 键 词：称呼语 “称谓之不古” 明清小说 社会属性 民族心理 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] I207.41[历史地理—中国史]