二语学习者动宾搭配“伪语义违反”的认知加工机制  

Cognitive Mechanism of Chinese“Pseudo-Semantic Violation”Verb-Object Collocations in L2 Learners

作　　者：梁牧寒 王建勤[2,3] LIANG Mu-han;WANG Jian-qin(Beijing Foreign Studies University,Beijing;Beijing Language and Culture University,Beijing)

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学,外国语言研究所,北京100089 [2]北京语言大学,语言认知科学学科创新引智基地,北京100083 [3]语言认知科学教育部重点实验室(北京语言大学),北京100083

出　　处：《汉语学习》2024年第4期74-84,共11页Chinese Language Learning

摘　　要：汉语“打酱油”类动宾搭配是母语者经常使用的转喻或隐喻现象,而低水平汉语二语者往往认为这种动宾搭配是违反语义关系的。相对于ERP研究中的真实“语义违反”范式,我们将二语者对这种语义关系的认知称作“伪语义违反”。目的是通过这种实验范式考察汉语二语学习者对“打酱油”类动词喻指化现象加工的认知机制及其与汉语母语者的差异。研究发现:第一,汉语母语者对动词喻指化现象的加工符合直接通达理论,在无语境条件下仍然可以直接加工其喻指义。第二,不同水平二语学习者对汉语动词喻指化现象的加工机制存在本质区别。低水平二语学习者汉语动词喻指化加工经由字面义,再通达其喻指义,支持间接通达理论;高水平二语学习者则可以和母语者一样直接通达其喻指义。加工机制的不同导致了学习者理解能力的差异。第三,二语学习者对汉语动词喻指化现象的加工机制存在动态变化,随着二语水平的提高,学习者对喻指意义的加工会逐渐由间接通达转向直接通达。Metonymy and metaphor are two common linguistic phenomena that are realized by Chinese verb-object collocations like dajiangyou and frequently used by native speakers.Chinese L2 learners,however,usually consider the semantic relationship in such collocations as violated.We label this perception by Chinese L2 learners as“pseudo-semantic violation”,relative to“semantic violation”paradigm in ERP studies,with the purpose of probing into the cognitive mechanism of Chinese L2 learners in understanding metaphorical expressions and revealing the discrepancy between Chinese natives and Chinese L2 learners.The main findings of this study include:(1)For Chinese native speakers,the figurative meaning of the phrases would be accessed directly without context,supporting the direct access model.(2)For lower-proficiency Chinese learners,the literal meaning had to be rejected before the figurative meaning was accessed.However,higher-level L2 learners,like native speakers,could directly understand the figurative meaning.These results provide evidence that learners at different stages of development use qualitatively different processing streams to deal with L2 verbal metaphorical expression.(3)There are dynamic changes in L2 learners’processing mechanism of Chinese verbal metaphorical expression.With the development of L2 proficiency,learners’processing mechanism will gradually shift from the indirect access model to the direct access model.

关 键 词：动词喻指化 汉语二语学习者 加工机制 事件相关电位 

分 类 号：H195.3[语言文字—汉语]