双滚筒式收后地表残膜回收机设计与试验  

Design and experiments of a double drum surface residual film recycling machine after harvest

作　　者：张学军 康梦晨 史增录 鄢金山 刘小鹏 郭磊 王美静 ZHANG Xuejun;KANG Mengchen;SHI Zenglu;YAN Jinshan;LIU Xiaopeng;GUO Lei;WANG Meijing(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学机电工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆智能农业装备重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第14期1-13,共13页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：新疆农机研发制造推广应用一体化项目(YTHSD2022-10);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2022B02038)。

摘　　要：针对残膜回收机存在的拾净率低、含杂率高等问题,该研究设计了一种双滚筒式残膜回收机,适用于秋收后地表残膜回收,采用机械拾膜、气力与机械协同脱膜方式完成作业过程。对捡膜和脱膜过程进行动力学分析,确定捡膜装置和脱膜装置的关键结构参数以及工作参数范围,根据滚轮中心运动轨迹设计并优化正反向凸轮轨道,得到凸轮结构参数,获得捡膜装置不漏捡的条件。运用气流特性分析软件模拟脱膜装置内部流场,分析得出气流运动形成的“O”形旋流利于残膜与杂质的分离。以机具前进速度、捡膜滚筒转速和脱膜滚筒转速为试验因素,残膜拾净率及回收混合物含杂率为试验指标,进行单因素试验,得到响应面试验水平的较优区间,并进行响应面试验,得出较优工作参数为机具前进速度6.72 km/h,捡膜滚筒转速56.70 r/min,脱膜滚筒转速569.78 r/min。田间试验结果表明,机具前进速度6.7 km/h、捡膜滚筒转速57 r/min、脱膜滚筒转速570 r/min时,平均残膜拾净率为86.1%,平均回收混合物含杂率为39.2%;相较于已有回收机的残膜拾净率(85.03%)提高了1.07个百分点,各项指标满足收后地表残膜回收要求。Residual film recycling machines cannot fully meet the requirements of large-scale production of residual film.Serious film entanglement and winding can often occur in the bearing part.The cotton straw cannot be completely broken,thus leading to the low film content of the recovered film.It is very necessary to improve the pick-up rate with less straw content from the recycling mixture in the residual film recycling machine.In this study,the double-roller residual-film recycling machine was designed suitable for surface residual film recycling after the autumn harvest.The pneumatic and mechanical collaborative film was unloaded to realize the operation using mechanical film picking.The key components were determined to better design the film recycling machine.The kinetic analysis of film picking and unloading was carried out to match the range of working speed,in order to overcome the interference among the machinery.The key structural parameters were determined for the film-picking and unloading device.The center motion trajectory of the roller and the forward and reverse cam orbits were optimized to determine the cam structure parameters.Mathematical and graphical analysis was used to obtain the conditions of no missing in the film-picking device.The film unload device was simplified in the software to divide the grid.The data was then imported into the flow analysis software.The flow field was simulated inside the film unloading device.A systematic investigation was implemented to explore the influence of the flow field on the transport of the residual film.The results show that the"O"shape rotation formed by the airflow was a benefit to the separation of residual film and impurities.Single-factor test was carried out with the rotating speed of the film picking and unloading roller as the test factors,according to the forward speed of the machine.The operating parameters of the machine were obtained,including the optimal operating range of the forward speed,the rotating speeds of the film picking and removing

关 键 词：农业机械 设计 试验 双滚筒 残膜回收 

分 类 号：S223.5[农业科学—农业机械化工程]