水稻田间育秧水肥药变量喷灌装置设计与试验  

Design and experiment of a variable rate spraying irrigation equipment of water-fertilizer-pesticide for rice seedlings in paddy field

作　　者：刘赛赛 马旭[1,3] 王宇唯 王曦成 齐龙 秦亦娟[1] 陈嘉盈 LIU Saisai;MA Xu;WANG Yuwei;WANG Xicheng;QI Long;QIN Yijuan;CHEN Jiaying(College of Engineering,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Nanjing Institute of Agriculture Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学工程学院,广州510642 [2]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京210014 [3]新疆农业大学机电工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第13期1-14,共14页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2023B0202130001);国家自然科学基金项目(52175226);广东省科技厅课题(KTP20210196)。

摘　　要：为解决南方水稻工厂化田间育秧水肥药人工管理作业中存在的灌溉均匀性差、化肥和农药浪费以及劳动强度大等问题,该研究设计了一种水稻田间育秧水肥药变量喷灌装置,阐述了水肥药变量喷灌装置总体结构和工作原理,进行了关键部件设计与试验;以可编程逻辑控制器(programmable logic controller,PLC)为控制核心,构建了注肥量在线调控及整机变量喷灌控制系统。采用Box-Behnken试验设计方法,对装置喷灌均匀性与主要影响因素进行试验研究,应用单目标优化方法对喷灌关键参数进行优化,并通过验证试验,得到最优参数组合为:干管入口水压0.20 MPa、球阀开度90°、喷头喷角80°,此时装置的喷灌均匀性为92.69%;构建了氯化钾肥液质量浓度与电导率(electrical conductance,EC)值的线性模型,开展了装置变量灌溉施肥性能试验,3种喷灌等级下各作业区的肥液EC值分别为1.65、1.66和1.68 mS/cm,平均喷灌强度分别为900.85、1 092.04和1 263.67 mm/h,施肥均匀系数分别为85.21%、87.86%和91.62%。采用水肥药变量喷灌装置开展水稻育秧田间管理试验,华航51常规稻和广8优165杂交稻的秧苗长势均匀度均高于95%,成毯性良好,各项素质指标满足机插作业要求。所设计的水肥药变量喷灌装置能够满足水稻田间育秧水肥药变量喷灌作业要求,对提高水稻工厂化田间育秧机械化水平、保证秧苗质量具有实际应用价值。Machine transplanting has been the primary technique of rice seedlings in cultivation in recent years.Among them,factory-scale greenhouses have been commonly used for seedling cultivation in northern China.By contrast,paddy-field seedling can be widely used to cultivate rice transplanting in southern China,according to climate,environment,and production costs.However,manual seedlings are limited to the high labor intensity and the waste of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.It is very necessary to improve the irrigation uniformity in the management of water-fertilizer-pesticide in rice paddy fields.In this study,a variable-rate spraying device was designed for water-fertilizer-pesticide irrigation in rice seedlings.A systematic analysis was performed on the large variable-rate sprinkler and the supporting equipment of fertilizer injection at a high-quality level.The overall structure and working principle were clarified for the variable-rate spraying irrigation device of water-fertilizer-pesticide for seedlings;FLUENT software was used to conduct numerical simulation on the sprinkler irrigation variable-diameter pipeline,in order to determine the optimal structural layout of variable-diameter pipeline;The flow rate of sprinkler and the inlet water of main pipe were then determined after experiments.The curved surface model was established for the pressure and electric ball valve opening;A fertilizer injection and dosing mechanism were designed using proportional integral derivative(PID)self-tuning.The real-time equal-proportion fertilizer or medicine injection was realized after optimization.The online control system of fertilizer injection and variable-rate spraying was constructed with the mitsubishi programmable logic controller(PLC)as the control core.The Box-Behnken experiment was adopted to explore the uniform performance and influencing factors of the device for spraying irrigation.The single objective optimization was applied to determine the key parameters of the device for sprinkler irrigation.The opti

关 键 词：水稻 灌溉 田间育秧 变量喷灌 水肥药管理 大型喷灌机 秧苗质量 

分 类 号：S277.94[农业科学—农业水土工程]