粉垄深松深耕改善南疆重度盐碱土理化性质和棉花产量及其后效  

Effects of deep vertical rotary tillage depth on the improvement of soil physicochemical properties and cotton yield in the current year and the following year in severe saline land in Southern Xinjiang of China

作　　者：刘洪光[1] 李智杰 李玲 徐强[1] 白振涛 王潭刚 LIU Hongguang;LI Zhijie;LI Ling;XU Qiang;BAI Zhentao;WANG Tangang(College of Water&Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,China;Institute of Agricultural Science of the Third Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Tumushuk 844000,China;College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,石河子832000 [2]新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所,图木舒克844000 [3]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第13期45-57,共13页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52069026);兵团科技计划项目(2023AB073)。

摘　　要：南疆地区棉田土壤高盐碱与板结限制棉田增产增效。粉垄耕作有利于破除土壤板结层、促进灌溉洗盐作用。为探讨粉垄深松深耕对盐碱棉田的改良效果,该研究开展2 a(2021–2022年)田间试验,共设置3个粉垄耕作深度(DT20:深松20 cm,DT40:深松40 cm,DT60:深松60 cm)与常规耕作(五铧犁翻耕20 cm)交替,并设置CT20为连续2 a常规耕作,分析其对土壤理化性质、棉花生长及籽棉产量的影响,通过结构方程模型量化明确作物增产效应。结果表明:1)粉垄深松深耕能够疏松耕作范围内土壤以优化土壤结构。其中DT60较DT20与CT20显著降低耕作深度范围内的土壤容重、粗大团聚体(>2 mm)的含量与黏粒和粉粒(<0.053 mm),这使得土壤的平均重量直径和平均几何直径显著降低,并增加孔隙度和微团聚体(<0.25~0.053 mm)的含量。2)DT40与DT60处理能够显著增加0~40cm土壤水分,并降低土壤盐分和pH值,而DT20处理则仅能降低0~20 cm的土壤盐分,而DT60能够较DT40显著降低0~60 cm土壤盐分和pH值,但不能显著增加土壤水分。盐分降低促进了土壤中0~40 cm土层有机碳和0~60 cm的全氮累积。3)结构方程模型的分析表明,土壤盐分是影响籽棉产量的间接因子,干物质量累计和棉铃质量为直接因子。土壤盐分的降低,有利于土壤养分累积和根系生长,促进养分向植株运移和累积,提高棉花干物质累积量和籽棉产量。因此DT60处理使得土壤盐分降低的效果最佳,使得该处理下的增产效果最佳。综合分析得,粉垄深松深耕60 cm与常规耕作交替的制度能够实现南疆重度盐碱棉田改良与增产增效协同。Cotton is an important cash crop in Xinjiang,accounting for 90.2%of China's total production in 2022.However,natural factors such as drought,high soil salinity,and the constraints of perennial shallow tillage soil management practices limit the yield and efficiency of cotton production and sustainable agricultural development.Deep vertical rotary tillage facilitates the breaking up of soil solidification and promotes the salt leached by irrigation water.In order to investigate the improvement effect of deep vertical rotary tillage on heavily saline cotton fields in Southern Xinjiang of China,this study conducted a 2 a(2021-2022)field experiment with three deep vertical rotary tillage depths(DT20:deep vertical rotary tillage 20 cm,DT40:deep vertical rotary tillage 40 cm,DT60:deep vertical rotary tillage 60 cm),and alternate with conventional tillage(five-share plowing 20 cm CT20),and CT20 was set to be the two consecutive years of conventional tillage.Original soil samples from 0-60 cm were collected to determine the water-stable aggregates.Soil moisture,salinity,organic carbon,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium were defermined by samples under the drip irrigation tapes,wide rows and narrow rows of each treatment on the 3rd day after each irrigation.Cotton root samples were collected at 105 days after sowing in 2021 and at 103 days in 2022.The effects of different depths of deep vertical rotary tillage on soil physical properties,soil nutrient content,cotton root length density,boll weight,dry matter mass accumulation and seed cotton yield were investigated,and the effect of crop yield was quantified by structural equation modeling.The results showed that:1)deep vertical rotary tillage was able to loosen the soil in the tillage layer to optimize the soil structure.DT60 treatment was able to significantly reduce the soil bulk density,the content of coarse aggregates(>2 mm),and silt and clay particle(<0.053 mm)in the tillage depth layer compared with DT20 and CT20 treatment,which led to a significan

关 键 词：棉花 土壤 盐碱化 粉垄深松深耕 产量 结构方程模型 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S344