五种药剂对松材线虫生殖发育的胁迫作用  

Stress effects of five pesticides on reproduction and development of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

作　　者：黄小芳 刘文义 梅明鹏 周立峰 邵蝴蝶 胡加付[1] HUANG Xiaofang;LIU Wenyi;MEI Mingpeng;ZHOU Lifeng;SHAO Hudie;HU Jiafu(Zhejiang Agricultural&Forestry University,Lin’an 311300,China;Taishun County Nanpuxi Town Emergency Management Service Center,Taishun 325500,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学,浙江临安311300 [2]泰顺县南浦溪镇应急管理服务中心,浙江泰顺325500

出　　处：《中国森林病虫》2024年第3期14-20,共7页Forest Pest and Disease

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目“松材线虫与拟松材线虫种间不对称性引诱及分子基础”(31670652);国家自然科学基金资助项目“松材线虫性比调节的种间竞争策略及分子机制研究”(31870633)。

摘　　要：为避免长期使用单一药剂产生耐药性,亟待探索有效防治松材线虫Bursaphelenchusxylophilus的交替药剂。将甲维盐和阿维菌素分别与氟吡菌酰胺复配,制成10%氟吡菌酰胺悬浮剂(SC)+2%阿维菌素微乳剂(ME)和10%氟吡菌酰胺SC+1%甲维盐ME,并与2%甲维盐ME、1.8%阿维菌素ME和5%氟吡菌酰胺SC单剂做毒力测定比较,同时定量分析药剂在亚致死浓度(LC20)下松材线虫的产卵量、卵孵化率、发育进度、性别比例和体长等生殖发育指标。结果表明:2%甲维盐ME对松材线虫2龄幼虫毒力最强,用药36 h后LC50为0.0172 mg/L,其次是10%氟吡菌酰胺SC+2%阿维菌素ME,LC50为0.0585 mg/L;与对照组相比,2%甲维盐ME抑制作用最强,用药后雌虫产卵量(3.73±0.43)粒、卵孵化率(49.56±5.85)%、线虫性成熟比例(25.33±2.83)%、雌雄性别比(2.15±0.04)和雌虫体长(925.43±10.68)μm,均显著降低;其次为10%氟吡菌酰胺SC+2%阿维菌素ME,用药后雌虫产卵量(6.80±0.47)粒、卵孵化率(61.08±0.71)%和线虫性成熟比例(36.56±1.46)%,显著降低。2%甲维盐ME和复配药剂10%氟吡菌酰胺SC+2%阿维菌素ME能够有效抑制松材线虫的生殖和发育,可交替使用防治松材线虫病,延缓松材线虫的耐药性。To avoid the resistance of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus to pesticides caused by using single agent in the long time,it is urgent to explore alternative agents for the effective prevention and control of B.xylophilus.Fluopyram 10%suspension concentrate(SC)+avermectin 2%microemulsion(ME)and fluopyram 10%SC+emamectin benzoate 1%ME were made by compounding of emamectin benzoate,avermectin and fluopyram,respectively.The toxicity of the two compounding pesticides with that of emamectin benzoate 2%ME,avermectin 1.8%ME and fluopyram 5%SC were compared.The reproduction and development indexes of B.xylophilus were also quantitatively analyzed under sublethal concentration(LC20),including oviposition amount,egg hatching rate,developmental progress,sex ratio and body length.The results showed that emamectin benzoate 2%ME had the strongest toxicity to the second‐stage juveniles of B.xylophilus,with the LC50 of 0.0172 mg/L for treatment 36 h,followed by fluopyram 10%SC+avermectin 2%ME with the LC50 of 0.0585 mg/L.Compared with the control group,emamectin benzoate 2%ME had the strongest inhibition,with the oviposition amount(3.73±0.43),egg hatching rate(49.56±5.85)%,the proportion of sexual maturity nematode(25.33±2.83)%,the sex ratio of B.xylophilus(2.15±0.04)and body length(925.43±10.68)μm of female B.xylophilus,and all were significantly decreased after treatment with pesticides.The second was fluopyram 10%SC+avermectin 2%ME,with the oviposition amount(6.80±0.47),egg hatching rate(61.08±0.71)%and the proportion of sexual maturity nematode(36.56±1.46)%,which significantly decreased.Emamectin benzoate 2%ME and compounding agent fluopyram 10%SC+avermectin 2%ME could effectively inhibit the reproduction and development of B.xylophilus.Therefore,these two agents can be alternated to control pine wilt disease and delay the resistance of B.xylophilus.

关 键 词：松材线虫 杀线虫剂 毒力测定 生殖发育 化学胁迫 

分 类 号：S763.16[农业科学—森林保护学]