北京公园树木腐朽病的发生现状调查研究  

Investigation and research on the occurrence of wood-decaying disease on garden trees in the parks of Beijing

作　　者：杨华 文娅 王科 王爽 佟岩 靳馨 YANG Hua;WEN Ya;WANG Ke;WANG Shuang;TONG Yan;JIN Xin(Administration Office of the Summer Palace,Beijing 100091,China;Beijing Municipal Administration Center of Parks,Beijing 100044,China;Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101)

机构地区：[1]北京市颐和园管理处,北京100091 [2]北京市公园管理中心,北京100044 [3]中国科学院微生物研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《中国森林病虫》2024年第4期20-27,共8页Forest Pest and Disease

基　　金：北京市公园管理中心课题“园林树木腐朽病的调查与防治研究”(zx2022001);北京市科学技术协会2023年度基层科普行动计划中央专项项目“园林植保绿色防控系列科普行动”;国家重点研发计划“重要战略生物资源安全风险评估与预警体系研究”(2022YFC2601200)。

摘　　要：为进一步做好园林树木腐朽病害的防治,2019—2023年,通过现场随机踏查的方法,调查北京主要公园树木腐朽病的发生和危害情况,对腐朽菌进行鉴定分类,统计染病树木和主要病原菌。结果显示:山桃Prunus davidiana、碧桃Prunus persica‘Duplex’、柳树Salix matsudana、槐树Sophora japonica、桑树Morus alba、西府海棠Malus×micromalus、紫叶李Prunus cerasifera‘Atropurpurea’、樱花Cerasus spp.、丁香Syringa spp.等树木发病率较高,且部分植株发病较重,共发现腐朽菌44种;其中,多孔菌目有21种,占总数的47.7%,是本次调查中发现最多的腐朽菌类群;能侵染活立木的病原腐朽菌有30种,它们的寄主范围广,多数种类对树木的危害程度较高。染病树木上的病原菌主要有白囊耙齿菌Irpex lacteus、裂褶菌Schizophyllum commune、毛栓孔菌Trametes hirsuta、刺槐范氏孔菌Vanderbylia robiniophila、粗毛纤孔菌Inonotus hispidus、硬毛粗盖孔菌Funalia trogii、一色齿毛菌Cerrena unicolor、梨生多年卧孔菌Perenniporia pyricola、东亚木层孔菌Phellinus orientoasiaticus、树舌灵芝Ganoderma applanatum。结合腐朽病发生发展特点及公园树木的日常养护管理活动,分析调查区域内树木腐朽病发生原因,为园林树木腐朽病害的防治提出措施建议。To further improve the prevention and control of wood‑decaying disease on garden trees,from 2019 to 2023,the investigation on the occurrence and harmness of wood‑decaying disease was carried out by random on‑site inspections in the parks of Beijing,and related wood‑decaying fungi were identified.The main pathogenic fungi and their hosts in the investigation area were analyzed statistically.The results showed that incidence of the wood‑decaying disease was higher in Prunus davidiana,Prunus persica‘Duplex’,Salix matsudana,Sophora japonica,Morus alba,Malus×micromalus,Prunus cerasifera‘Atropurpurea’,Cerasus spp.,Syringa spp.,etc.,and some of them were severely decayed or killed by the disease.A total of 44 species of wood-decaying fungi were found in this survey.Among them,there were 21 species of Polyporales,accounting for 47.7%of the total number,which was the most common group of decaying fungi discovered in this survey.There were 30 species of pathogenic decaying fungi that can infect living trees,which had many host trees,and most of them caused serious harm to trees.The common pathogenic fungi on infected trees were Irpex lacteus,Schizophyllum commune,Trametes hirsuta,Vanderbylia robiniophila,Inonotus hispidus,Funalia trogii,Cerrena unicolor,Perenniporia pyricola,Phellinus orientoasiaticus and Ganoderma applanatum.In addition,Based on the occurrence and development characteristics of the disease and the daily maintenance and management activities of trees in parks,the causes of wood-decaying disease were analyzed,and some prevention and control suggestions were proposed and discussed.

关 键 词：腐朽病 腐朽菌 病原腐朽菌 多孔菌目 园林树木 北京公园 

分 类 号：S763.15[农业科学—森林保护学]