再思马克思剩余价值范畴的形成过程--以政治经济学说史批判为视角  

Rethink the Genesis of the Category of Surplus-value:From the Perspective of the Critique of the History of Political Economy

作　　者：户晓坤 Hu Xiaokun(Institute of Marxist Philosophy and the Modernism of China,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学马克思主义哲学与中国现代化研究所,广州510275

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期1-9,共9页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：2020年度教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“马克思政治经济学批判思想的历史性质与当代价值研究”(项目批准号:20JJD71004)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在1861—1863年经济学手稿中的历史文献批判部分,马克思以考察剩余价值范畴的发现过程与认识程度为枢轴,从古典经济学发展为庸俗经济学的内在矛盾以及劳动价值理论同资本主义经济现实的表面对立中,科学地抽象出剩余价值的纯粹形式,通过对剩余价值起源、本质与转化形式的具体分析,揭示出资本主义经济规律的实现方式及其历史限度,阐明阶级对抗性矛盾是资本主义生产方式所固有的。为了充分说明以“历史的形式”叙述经济学说史与《资本论》结构体系的内在关联,正确理解在理论上阐明资本主义经济规律并历史地说明其观念形态作为有机整体的必要性,我们需要深刻地把握历史文献研究作为转折点在马克思思想进程中的理论性质。In his critique of the historical literature in the 1861-1863 Economic Manuscripts,Marx examined the process of discovery and the levels of understanding of the category of surplus-value,and scientifically abstracted the pure form of surplus-value from the inherent contradiction of the development from classical economics to vulgar economics,and from the apparent opposition between the labor theory of value and the realities of the capitalist economy.Through the concrete analysis of the origin,essence and transformation of surplus-value,the ways of actualization of the laws of the capitalist economy and its historical limits are revealed,and it is clarified that the antagonistic class contradiction is inherent in the capitalist mode of production.In order to fully explain the intrinsic connection between the historical form of the account of the history of economics and the structural system of the Capital,and to correctly understand the necessity of theoretically elucidating the laws of the capitalist economy and historically articulating its ideal form as an organic whole,it is necessary to profoundly grasp the theoretical nature of Marx's study of the historical literature as a turning point in the development of his thought.

关 键 词：剩余价值 历史批判 政治经济学 形而上学方法 

分 类 号：F091.91[经济管理—政治经济学] A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]