论北朝墓志的性质与制作  

A Brief Discussion on the Nature and Production of Epitaphs from the Northern Dynasties

作　　者： 王典典(译) Kubozoe Yoshifumi(The Oriental Library of Japan,Tokyo,Japan)

机构地区：[1]东洋文库,日本东京 [2]东京大学大学院人文社会系研究科

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期42-48,共7页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

摘　　要：北朝墓志是近年推动中国中古史研究取得重要进展的关键史料。本文在充分吸收近年中古碑志研究新动向的基础上,围绕“为什么要制作墓志”这一朴素的设问进行了相当全面的省思与探索。北朝时期墓葬的营建基于时人的冥界观,置于其中的墓志却缺乏宗教色彩,主要反映了丧家之愿,期望志主的功德能在冥界永存。墓志以行状为素材撰成,可视为被死者带入冥界的具有“公”之意义的文书。丧家提供行状给墓志撰者,收到墓志文稿后仍需根据具体情况进行若干调整,在此过程中容易产生“异刻”现象。夫妇合葬却不制作妻子墓志的现象也不容忽视。不是单独聚焦于墓志,需要在墓葬整体中对墓志进行考察。The epitaphs of the Northern Dynasties are key historical materials that have made significant progress in the study of Chinese medieval history in recent years.On the basis of fully absorbing the new trends in the study of medieval inscriptions in recent years,this article conducts a comprehensive reflection and exploration around the fundamental question of"why epitaphs need to be made."The construction of tombs during the Northern Dynasties period was based on the contemporaries'view of the underworld,but the epitaphs placed in them lacked religious connotations and mainly reflected the wishes of the deceased,hoping that the merits of the epitaphs could be preserved forever in the underworld.The epitaph is composed of rows and can be regarded as a document with"public"significance that was brought into the underworld by the deceased.It is not necessary to focus solely on the epitaph,but to examine the epitaph as a whole within the tomb.

关 键 词：北朝墓志 冥界观 行状 异刻 

分 类 号：K877.45[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K239.2[历史地理—历史学]