中华武术“止戈”的思想渊源、文化实践和历史影响  

Ideological Origin,Cultural Practice and Historical Influence of Chinese Wushu“Zhige”Culture

作　　者：张国良 白俊亚 王宾 ZHANG Guoliang;BAI Junya;WANG Bin(Department of Physical Education,Shanghai University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201701,China;Handan University,School of Taichi Culture,Handan 056005,China;Department of Physical Education,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 201203,China)

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院体育部,上海201701 [2]邯郸学院太极文化学院,河北邯郸056005 [3]上海中医药大学体育部,上海201203

出　　处：《体育学研究》2024年第3期100-108,共9页Journal of Sports Research

基　　金：上海市教育科学研究项目(C2021337);国家体育总局武术研究院课题(WSH2018B010);河北省体育局科技研究项目(2024QT22);邯郸市哲学社会科学规划重点课题(W2023341)。

摘　　要：以中国文化的“止戈为武”为切入点,从文化史角度考察中华武术“止戈”的思想渊源、文化实践和历史影响。中华武术“止戈”的思想渊源,既有国家治理中“德”对“力”规制的“外王内霸”话语,也有军事实践中形成的“兵儒合流”儒家战争观。中华武术“止戈”的文化实践中,观念的更新体现为对暴力冲突的“止戈性”见解和态度,并对“止戈”认识标准进行话语拟定,形塑“止戈”意识惯习;行为的矫正表现在技术动作的“防守”“控制”“展示”“柔化”等;关系的改善表现在冲突互动中象征资本的让渡、达成默会双赢和塑造技术权威。“止戈”在成就武术武德、武术功用、武术文化独特性的同时,也为技击弱化埋下伏笔,“点到为止”的互动方式塑造武术武德的厚德礼让也偏离“尚短平快”的技击实质,“兵不血刃”的全胜理想促进武术功用的多维发展也违背“综合全面”的实战逻辑,“谨慎为战”的自我技术深化武术文化的内外兼修也禁锢“必试于敌”的练用实践。Taking the Chinese culture“Stopping war is a true craft of war”as the starting point,this paper probes into the ideological origin,cultural practice and historical influence of the“Zhige”culture(literally means stopping war or conflict)in Chinese Wushu from the perspective of cultural history.The ideological origin of“Zhige”in Chinese Wushu includes both the discourse of“kingly ways outside and despotic ways inside”in the regulation of“power”by“virtue”in national governance,as well as the Confucian concept of“the fusion of military and Confucianism”formed in military practice.In the cultural practice of“Zhige”in Chinese Wushu,the renewal of the concept is embodied in the opinion and attitude of the violent conflict,and the discourse formulation of the cognition standard of the“stopping the war”,shaping the habit of the consciousness of the“stopping the war”;The correction of behavior is manifested in the“defense”,“control”,“display”and“softening”of technical movements.The improvement of the relationship is manifested in the conflict interaction symbolizing the transfer of capital,achieving tacit win-win and shaping technological authority.“Zhige”not only achieves ethics,functions,and the uniqueness of Wushu culture,but also lays the groundwork for the weakening of Wushu.The interactive way of“opportune stop”shapes the thick virtue and courtesy of Wushu ethics,which also deviates from the“short and fast”nature of Wushu.The ideal of complete victory of“no blood in battle”promotes the multi-dimensional development of Wushu function and runs counter to the“comprehensive and all-inclusive”practical logic,and the technical advancement of“caution for war” deepens the internal and external cultivation of Wushu culture also restricts the practice of“must try to the enemy”.

关 键 词：中华武术 止戈 武术文化 中华武德 武术伦理 德技双修 

分 类 号：G852[文化科学—民族体育]