电化学置换反应制备石墨烯基纳米无定型锑复合阳极用于高性能钠离子电容器的构筑  

Galvanic Replacement Synthesis of Graphene Coupled Amorphous Antimony Nanoparticles for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Capacitor

作　　者：米超林 秦玉莹 黄欣莉 罗伊杰 张志薇 王成祥 石元昌 尹龙卫[1] 王儒涛 Chaolin Mi;Yuying Qin;Xinli Huang;Yijie Luo;Zhiwei Zhang;Chengxiang Wang;Yuanchang Shi;Longwei Yin;Rutao Wang(Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials,Ministry of Education,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shandong University,Jinan 250061,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学材料科学与工程学院,材料液固结构演变与加工教育部重点实验室,济南250061

出　　处：《物理化学学报》2024年第5期24-27,共4页Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52272224,5190218);山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程(2021TSGC1149);山东省高等学校青年创新团队发展计划(10000082295015)资助项目。

摘　　要：锑(Sb),因其具有较高的理论比容量(660 mAh·g^(-1))、较低储钠电位(0.5–0.8 V vs.Na/Na^(+))和较高的密度(6.68 g·cm^(-3))等特点,被认为是一种理想的钠离子电容器的阳极材料。然而,在Na^(+)脱嵌过程中,Sb电极会发生较大的体积变化,导致其容量快速衰减以及倍率性能变差,阻碍了Sb电极的实际应用。因此,本文提出一种可用于制备锚定在具有碳涂层的二维石墨烯表面的无定型Sb纳米颗粒的电化学置换方法。所制备Sb/石墨烯复合材料具有典型的二维复合结构,可大幅增加与电解液界面接触面积,缩短离子扩散路径,促进离子迁移与电子转移。进一步利用该复合材料作为阳极,自制活性炭作为阴极,构建出一种新型钠离子电容器。研究证实,该钠离子电容器工作电压可达4.0 V,可输出140.75 Wh·kg^(-1)的最大能量密度和12.43 kW·kg^(-1)的最高功率密度。综上,该研究结果可为钠离子储能器件用高容量锑基阳极材料的优化设计提供可借鉴的思路。Sodium-ion energy storage devices are considered as an ideal substitute for popular lithium-ion counterparts because of its resource richness and environmental friendliness.Among the various sodium-ion energy storage devices,sodium-ion capacitors(SICs)have the combined advantages in high energy and power densities as well as long-term cycling stability in theory.Antimony(Sb)is considered as an attractive anode material for SICs due to its high theoretical capacity of 660 mAh∙g^(−1),low operating potential(0.5–0.8 V vs.Na/Na^(+)),and high density of 6.68 g∙cm^(−3).However,the large volume change of Sb during the Na^(+)insertion leads to fast decay in capacity and poor rate capability,which becomes a fundamental issue greatly hindering the practical application.Herein,a facile galvanic replacement approach is proposed for the synthesis of an ultrafine amorphous Sb nanoparticles anchoring on carbon coated two-dimensional(2D)reduced graphene oxides(RGO).Half-cell test(vs.metal Na)shows that as-prepared Sb-C@RGO anode delivers a high specific capacity of 521.5 mAh∙g^(−1) at 0.1 A∙g^(−1).As the current density increases to 10 A∙g^(−1),Sb-C@RGO anode still maintains a specific capacity of 83.5 mAh∙g^(−1),suggesting its high-rate properties.The excellent Na^(+)charge storage property of Sb-C@RGO anode is primarily due to its unique 2D hybrid architecture,which largely increases the atomic interface contact with Na^(+)and shortens ion diffusion path,thus facilitating ion/electron transfer.To demonstrate the feasibility of Sb-C@RGO as the high-performance electrode for emerging energy-storage devices,a hybrid cell configuration(e.g.,SIC)was fabricated by employing the Sb-C@RGO as the negative electrode(battery type)and home-made activated carbon(PDPC)as the positive electrode(capacitive type)in a Na^(+)based organic electrolyte.This SIC is capable of operating at a high voltage of 4.0 V and exhibiting a high energy density of 140.75 Wh∙kg^(−1) at a power density of 250.84 W∙kg^(−1).Even th

关 键 词：石墨烯 锑基阳极 电化学置换反应 二维复合材料 钠离子电容器 

分 类 号：O646[理学—物理化学]