国家对非国家行为体行使自卫权的国际法律问题研究  

Research on the international legal issues regarding states exercising the right of self-defense against non-state actors

作　　者：廖丽[1] 秦冰燚 LIAO Li;QIN Bingyi(School of Lao,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中国软科学》2024年第8期71-82,共12页China Soft Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“推动构建新型国际关系和人类命运共同体的国际法规范体系建设研究”(21AZD092);2024年武汉大学专业学位特色课程建设项目“中国国际法实务”。

摘　　要：随着全球化和国际事务的不断演变,非国家行为体在国际关系中的角色愈发凸显。本文探讨国家是否有权对非国家行为体行使自卫权的问题,认为国际法并未明确排除面对武力攻击时国家对非国家行为体行使自卫权的可能,同时指出尽管“不愿或不能”测试在维护受害国国家安全和非国家行为体所在领土国主权之间保持了微妙平衡,但这个学说缺乏学理支撑且国际上未形成法律确信,自卫权行使仍需遵循“必要性”和“相称性”原则。因此,在面临来自非国家行为体的武力攻击时,国家有权采取包括自卫权在内的必要行动来维护国家安全,但各国必须深化在国际和地区事务中的沟通协作,捍卫以国际法为基础的国际秩序,确保自卫权的行使符合国际社会的共同利益和国际和平与安全的目标。With the contimucus evolution of globalization and international affuirs,the role of non-state actors in intemational relations has become increasingly prominent.This article explores the question of whether states havéthe right to exercise self-defense against non-state actors.lt argues that the international law does not explicitly rule out the pos bity ote erig thegih oeinoieoeack apos ou that alough theg in atae aeaningthe tian ecrirf the victim state and respecting the sovereignty of the territorial stste where the non-stste actors are located,this dectrine lacks theotetical support and has not gained opinio juris internationally.Thereføre,the exerise of the right of self-defense still needs to adbhere to the principles of"necessity"and"proportionality".This implies that states have the right to take necessary actions,inchding the right of self-defense,to sadeguard their national security when facing amed attacks from non-state actors.Morever,countries must deepen commmunication and cooperation in internatinal and regional affais,uphold the intemational order underpinned hy international lsaw,and ensure that the exercise of self-defense aligns with the common interests of the intermational community and the objectives of intemational peace and security.

关 键 词：非国家行为体 武力攻击 自卫权 “不愿或不能”测试 

分 类 号：DF90[政治法律—国际法学]