锂氧电池有机电解液的研究进展  

Progress on Liquid Organic Electrolytes of Li-O_(2) Batteries

作　　者：陈浩 杨冬月[1,2] 黄岗 张新波 Hao Chen;Dongyue Yang;Gang Huang;Xinbo Zhang(Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130022,China;School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China.)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院长春应用化学研究所,长春130022 [2]中国科学技术大学应用化学与工程学院,合肥230026

出　　处：《物理化学学报》2024年第7期7-20,共14页Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFE0204500,2021YFF0500600);国家自然科学基金(52171194,52271140);中国科学院稳定支持基础研究领域青年团队计划(YSBR-058);中国科学院青年创新促进会(2020230,2021223);长春市科技发展计划(21ZY06)资助项目。

摘　　要：随着消费类电子产品和新能源汽车产业的迅速发展,传统的锂离子电池已经不能满足日益增长的能源需求。为了应对这一挑战,许多高比能电池被提出和研发。其中,锂氧电池以其超高的能量密度引起了广泛的关注,但其可逆性较差问题严重限制了锂氧电池的进一步发展。在锂氧电池中,电解液是一个重要的组成部分,其组分和配比对电池的放电容量、倍率性能和负极稳定性等方面具有至关重要的影响。本文以电解液的组分为线索,对锂氧电池有机电解液的发展历程以及最新研究成果进行了梳理和总结。同时,对于降低过电势和抑制电解液分解的展望,也为锂氧电池的未来发展指明了方向。Li-O_(2) batteries have garnered significant attention due to their ultrahigh theoretical energy density,comparable to that of gasoline.However,despite this promise,several challenges have hindered the commercial application of Li-O_(2) batteries.These challenges include poor reversibility,unsatisfactory cycling duration,and high overpotential during battery operation.The key factor behind the poor reversibility of current Li-O_(2) batteries is the occurrence of side reactions between various battery components and discharge products or intermediates.The electrolyte,an essential component in Li-O_(2) batteries,plays a crucial role in charge transport and mass transfer within the battery.Among the available electrolytes used in Li-O_(2) batteries,liquid organic electrolytes have been predominantly investigated as potential options.However,they suffer from insufficient chemical and electrochemical stability,which contributes to the overall poor reversibility.Substantial progress has been made in understanding the factors that lead to the degradation of liquid organic electrolytes and in enhancing their stability.However,there is still a need for more significant improvements to achieve practical performance.This review comprehensively introduces the development of liquid organic electrolytes for Li-O_(2) batteries,focusing on solvents,lithium salts,and additives.It outlines the specific requirements of electrolytes for Li-O_(2) batteries and highlights the importance of reducing charge overpotentials as a critical strategy to mitigate both electrochemical and chemical degradation.The review proceeds to detail the composition of liquid organic electrolytes,beginning with solvents.Carbonates,ethers,amides,and ionic liquids are discussed,along with their respective advantages,disadvantages,and strategies to overcome limitations.The role of lithium salts is then examined,with an emphasis on the relationship between the properties of lithium salts,such as donor number and anion polarity,and electrolyte performance.Some

关 键 词：锂氧电池 有机电解液 溶剂 锂盐 添加剂 

分 类 号：O646[理学—物理化学]