大学生群体人细小病毒B19感染状况调查  

Investigation of human parvovirus B19 infection in college students

作　　者：王智勇 安锦花 崔婧茹 李妍霏 李凯烨 何敏[1] WANG Zhiyong;AN Jinhua;CUI Jingru;LI Yanfei;LI Kaiye;HE Min(Changchun Central Blood Station,Changchun 130031,China)

机构地区：[1]长春市中心血站,吉林长春130031

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2024年第8期914-917,945,共5页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

基　　金：中国输血协会威高科研基金(CSBT-WG-2022-05)。

摘　　要：目的调查大学生群体人细小病毒B19(B19V)感染状况,为制定献血者筛查策略及采供血策略提供数据支撑。方法在2023年3月—2024年2月的长春地区献血者标本中,采用随机数原则,每月选取1~3 d的大学生献血者标本进行回顾性分析;采用ELISA法检测B19V IgG/IgM抗体,采用实时定量PCR法检测B19V DNA及病毒载量。结果在1456份大学生献血者标本中,B19V IgG、IgM抗体和DNA阳性率分别为11.54%、0.34%和2.68%。39份B19V DNA阳性标本病毒载量为5.60×10^(2)IU/mL~9.10×10^(6)IU/mL,其中病毒载量>10^(4)IU/mL标本为28份(1.92%);B19V DNA阳性、IgG/IgM阴性标本为11份(0.76%)。结论大学生群体B19V既往感染率较低,被感染风险较高,且B19V IgG阴性的高病毒血症期急性感染比例较高,存在经输血传播风险;有必要对大学生群体进行有针对性的血液安全监测,以监测该人群中B19V DNA的流行情况。Objective To investigate the prevalence of human parvovirus B19(B19V)infection among college students,so as to provide reference for the development of blood donor screening strategies and blood supply policies.Methods From March 2023 to February 2024,blood donor samples from college students in Changchun were retrospectively analyzed using the principle of random numbers,with samples taken 1 to 3 days per month.B19V IgG/IgM were detected by ELISA,and B19V DNA and viral load were measured by real-time quantitative PCR.Results Among 1456 blood donor samples from college students,the positive rates for B19V IgG,IgM and DNA were 11.54%,0.34%and 2.68%,respectively.The viral load in 39 B19V DNA-positive samples ranged from 5.60×10^(2)IU/mL to 9.10×10^(6)IU/mL,with 28 samples(1.92%)having a viral load above 10^(4) IU/mL.There were 11 samples(0.76%)that were positive for B19V DNA but negative for IgG/IgM.Conclusion The college students have a low prevalence of past B19V infection,but a higher risk of infections and a higer proportion of acute infections with high viral loads in individuals who are]B19V IgG negative,presenting a risk of transmission through blood transfusion.Targeted blood safety monitoring is necessary for college students to track the prevalence of B19V DNA.

关 键 词：人细小病毒B19 大学生 献血者 ELISA PCR 

分 类 号：R457.1[医药卫生—治疗学] R446[医药卫生—临床医学]