不同灌水量和施氮量对膜下滴灌甘薯生长的影响  

Effects of Different Irrigation Amount and Nitrogen Application Rate on Sweet Potato Growth Under Drip Irrigation with Film Mulching

作　　者：李剑平 汪兆辉 唐永齐 吴静鹏 薄君鑫 葛越 尧梓莹 谷华 张友良 LI Jian-ping;WANG Zhao-hui;TANG Yong-qi;WU Jing-peng;BO Jun-xin;GE Yue;YAO Zi-ying;GU Hua;ZHANG You-liang(College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu Province,China;Suqian Water Survey and Design Research Co.,Ltd,Suqian 223800,Jiangsu Province,China;Huai´an Qubei Water Conservancy Management Institute,Huai´an 223200,Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学水利科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]宿迁市水务勘测设计研究有限公司,江苏宿迁223800 [3]淮安市淮安区渠北水利管理所,江苏淮安223200

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2024年第8期1-10,共10页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51809225);中国博士后科学基金项目(2020T130559,2019M651977);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20180929)。

摘　　要：针对山东地区甘薯灌水和施肥不合理,产量和水分利用效率较低等问题。于2020年和2021年在山东省日照市中国农业大学特色马铃薯优质高产试验示范基地,选用“普薯32号”进行了2 a膜下滴灌甘薯田间试验。试验考虑了灌水量与施氮量2个试验因素,设置3个灌水量水平(不灌水,P0;滴灌湿润比为30%,P1;滴灌湿润比为60%,P2)和3个施氮水平(氮肥90 kg/hm^(2),N1;氮肥180 kg/hm^(2),N2;氮肥270 kg/hm^(2),N3),共9个处理。试验测量了不同水氮处理条件下的甘薯田间土壤水分、甘薯生理生长、产量及构成因素和水分利用效率。研究结果表明:不同灌水量和施氮量影响土壤含水量、贮水量、水分分布和甘薯生长。N2处理的甘薯生长旺盛,会促进0~50 cm土层的土壤水分消耗,从而降低土壤贮水量。2021年N2处理的土壤贮水量较N1与N3处理分别降低17.8%与17.7%。2021年P2处理的平均甘薯蔓长较P0、P1提高29.3%、14.8%。相同灌水条件下,甘薯的单株结薯数和产量随施氮量增加而先增加后减少:2020年,N2P2处理的甘薯产量较N1P2、N3P2分别增加19.9%与3%;2021年,N2P2处理的甘薯产量较N1P2、N3P2分别增加18.7%与24.5%。相同施氮量条件下,甘薯产量随灌水量增加而增加,2021年,N2P2处理的甘薯产量较N2P0、N2P1分别增加14.4%与24.2%。总体上,N2P2可以促进甘薯生长,提高甘薯产量和水分利用效率,适宜山东地区膜下滴灌甘薯种植。Considering the low sweet potato yield and water use efficiency in Shandong province due to the inefficient irrigation and nitrogen(N)fertilization application,a two-year(2020 and 2021)field experiment of sweet potato(Pushu 32)cultivation under drip irrigation with film mulching was conducted at the Special Potato Experimental Station,China Agricultural University,Rizhao City,Shandong Province,China.Three irrigation levels(no irrigation,P0;soil wetted percentage 30%,P1;and soil wetted percentage 60%,P2)and three N-application rates(90 kg/hm^(2),N1;180 kg/hm^(2),N2;and 270 kg/hm^(2),N3)were involved,resulting in a total of 9 treatments.The soil moisture,physiological growth,yield and yield components,and water use efficiency of sweet potato under different irrigation and fertilization treatments were measured.The results showed that soil water content,soil water storage,soil water distribution,and sweet potato growth were affected by different irrigation amounts and N-application rates.Sweet potato grew vigorously and promoted the soil water consumption in 0~50 cm soil layer,resulting in soil water storage reduction in N2 treatment.In 2021,the soil water storage in N2 treatment was 17.8%and 17.7%lower than that of N1 and N3 treatments,respectively.The average sweet potato vine length under P2 treatment was 29.3%and 14.8%higher than that in P0 and P1 treatments in 2021,respectively.Under the same irrigation conditions,the number of tubers per plant and the yield of sweet potato decreased with the increase of nitrogen application.In 2020,the yield of sweet potato in N2P2 treatment increased by 19.9%and 3%,respectively,compared with N1P2 and N3P2 treatments.In 2021,the yield of sweet potato treated with N2P2 was 18.7%and 24.5%higher than that of N1P2 and N3P2 treatments,respectively.Under the same nitrogen application conditions,the yield of sweet potato increased with the increase of irrigation amount.In 2021,the yield of sweet potato treated with N2P2 increased by 14.4%and 24.2%compared with N2P0 and N2P1.Generally

关 键 词：膜下滴灌 甘薯 土壤水分分布 水分利用效率 产量 

分 类 号：S531[农业科学—作物学] S27