滴灌追肥次数对冬小麦产量形成的影响  

Effect of Number of Drip Irrigation Topdressing on Yield Formation of Winter Wheat

作　　者：林之栋 安鹏 张振典 李玲燕 廖安丽 王金秀 师长海 刘义国 LIN Zhi-dong;AN Peng;ZHANG Zhen-dian;LI Ling-yan;LIAO An-li;WANG Jin-xiu;SHI Chang-hai;LIU Yi-guo(School of Agriculture of Qingdao Agricultural University/Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Dry Farming Agricultural Technology,Qingdao 266109,Shandong Province,China;Qingdao Biological Water Saving Engineering Research Center,Qingdao 266109,Shandong Province,China;Digital rural Development center,Gaoqing County,Zibo City,Zibo 256300,Shandong Province,China;Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University,Dongying 257000,Shandong Province,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学农学院/山东省旱作农业技术重点试验室,山东青岛266109 [2]青岛生物节水工程研究中心,山东青岛266109 [3]山东省淄博市高青县数字乡村发展中心,山东淄博256300 [4]东营青农大盐碱地高效农业技术产业研究院,山东东营257000

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2024年第8期17-23,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：山东重点研发计划项目(重大科技创新工程,2022LZGC005-4);国家重点研发计划科技型中小企业项目(2023YFD2300095);山东省高等学校青创科技支持计划项目(2019KJF013);山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2022MC148,ZR2022QC081)。

摘　　要：为探讨小麦-玉米轮作体系下,滴灌追氮次数对小麦群体特征和旗叶碳同化能力差异的影响。以青麦7号为试验材料,采用随机区组设计,小麦季氮肥基追比为3∶7,按滴灌追肥次数设5个处理,分别为滴灌追肥2次(F37-2)、追肥3次(F37-3)、追肥4次(F37-4)、追肥5次(F37-5),以传统灌溉施肥方式为对照(漫灌,追肥1次,CK)。结果表明,在拔节期、孕穗期、开花期和收获期,滴灌处理F37-3、F37-4、F37-5的群体总茎数均显著大于CK。花后的叶面积指数大小关系均表现为F37-4>F37-5>F37-3>F37-2>CK,而花后18 d冠层中部和底部群体透光率大小关系则表现为CK>F37-4>F37-5>F37-3>F37-2。花后0~36 d(每6 d测定一次)叶绿素SPAD值大小关系均表现为F37-4>F37-5>F37-2≥F37-3>CK,且各滴灌处理的叶绿素SPAD值均显著大于CK;花后24~30 d,CK、F37-2、F37-3、F37-4和F37-5的叶绿素SPAD值下降幅度分别为13.89%、11.36%、11.90%、8.33%和10.87%。各滴灌追肥处理(F37-2、F37-3、F37-4和F37-5)的蒸腾速率、气孔导度、产量及产量构成要素均显著大于CK,F37-4处理的产量最高达10381.1 kg/hm^(2),而胞间CO_(2)浓度,特别是在花后30 d和36 d,均小于CK。因此,滴灌追氮对小麦合理群体建立和光能利用具有显著的促进作用,且分别在返青期、拔节期、孕穗期、开花期追肥4次(F37-4)时效果最佳。To investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilization times under wheat-maize rotation system on population characteristics and carbon assimilation ability of flag leaves in wheat.The base topdressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizer in wheat was 3:7,and five treatments were set according to the topdressing times,namely,topdressing twice(F37-2),three times(F37-3),four times(F37-4),and five times(F37-5)by drip irrigation.The traditional irrigation and fertilization methods were used as the control(flood irrigation,topdressing once,CK).At the jointing,booting,flowering,and harvesting stages,the total stem number of F37-3,F37-4 and F37-5 and were significantly higher than that of CK under drip irrigation.The relationship of leaf area index after flowering was F37-4>F37-5>F37-3>F37-2>CK,while the relationship of light transmittance between middle and bottom canopy populations at 18 days after flowering was CK>F37-4>F37-5>F37-3>F37-2.The correlations of chlorophyll SPAD value was F37-4>F37-5>F37-2≥F37-3>CK from 0 to 36 days after flowering(measured every 6 days),and the values of chlorophyll SPAD under drip irrigation were significantly higher than CK.From 24 to 30 days after flowering,the chlorophyll SPAD value of CK,F37-2,F37-3,F37-4 and F37-5 decreased by 13.89%,11.36%,11.90%,8.33%and 10.87%,respectively.The transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,yield and yield components of drip irrigation treatment(F37-2,F37-3,F37-4 and F37-5)were significantly higher than CK,the yield of F37-4 treatment was up to 10381.1 kg/hm^(2),while the intercellular CO^(2) concentration,especially at 30 and 36 days after flowering,was lower than CK.Therefore,nitrogen fertilization by drip-irrigation had a significant effect on the establishment of rational population and light energy utilization of wheat,and the best effect was achieved when fertilizer was applied four times(F37-4)at regreening stage,jointing stage,booting stage and flowering stage,respectively.

关 键 词：滴灌水肥一体化 追氮次数 群体特征 光合特性 产量形成 氮肥运筹 生长特性 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]