水氮亏缺对春小麦产量影响的生理机制研究  

Study on Physiological Mechanism of Water and Nitrogen Deficiency Affecting Spring Wheat Yield

作　　者：曹润宁 王浩莎 黄兴法 CAO Run-ning;WANG Hao-sha;HUANG Xing-fa(National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province,Wuwei 733000,Gansu Prvoince,China;College of Water Resources&Civil Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃武威绿洲农业高效用水国家野外科学观测站,甘肃武威733000 [2]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2024年第8期35-42,52,共9页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：财政部和农业部国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-03-43);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YED1900401)。

摘　　要：于2022和2023年在甘肃武威采用大田试验,研究了不同水氮条件下春小麦叶面积、叶水势、光合特性和产量的变化和产量形成的生理机制。选定“永良4号”(YL4)和“陇春41号”(LC41)2个品种的春小麦作为研究对象,每个品种设置4个处理,包括2个水分处理即充分灌溉W1(预测作物需水量)和调亏灌溉W2(在拔节-孕穗期和灌浆-成熟期灌溉预测作物需水量的65%,其余生育期灌溉量为预测作物需水量的100%),2个氮肥处理即N1(当地传统施氮量,220 kg/hm^(2))和N2(减量施氮,110 kg/hm^(2))。分析了小麦旗叶面积(LA)、叶水势(Ψ_(pd))、相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)和气体交换参数(P_(n)、G_(s))、产量在不同水氮处理下的变化情况。结果表明:LC41的叶面积、叶水势、叶绿素相对含量、净光合速率、气孔导度和产量均高于YL4,水分和氮素胁迫可以降低小麦的叶面积、叶水势、叶绿素相对含量、净光合速率、气孔导度和产量;叶面积和叶水势通过调节作物光合性能影响作物产量,叶面积、叶水势和光合性能的单个性状的组合效应解释了小麦83%的产量变化,水氮胁迫通过植株水力特性降低Gs从而影响产量,较高的Ψ_(pd)和Gs是保证小麦产量形成的关键;在高氮条件下进行一定的水分亏缺减产较少,因此减少非关键生长阶段的灌水量可以维持一定的小麦产量。This study took a field experiment in Wuwei,Gansu Province in 2022 and 2023,studied the changes in leaf area,leaf water potential,photosynthetic characteristics,and yield of spring wheat under different water and nitrogen conditions,as well as the physiological mechanisms of yield formation.Using two wheat varieties“Yongliang 4”(YL4)and“Longchun 41”(LC41)as plant materials,set 4 treatments for each variety,including two water irrigation treatments,one is full irrigation(W1)during all growth stage,the other is deficit irrigation(irrigated 65%of the water demand for irrigation crops in jointing-booting stage and grain filling stage,irrigation at other growth stages is 100%of the predicted crop water requirement of adequate irrigation treatment),two nitrogen treatments were N1(local conventional nitrogen application,220 kg/hm^(2))and N2(reduced nitrogen application,110 kg/hm^(2)).The changes of flag leaf area(LA),leaf water potential(Ψ_(pd)),relative chlorophyll content(SPAD)and gas exchange parameters(P_(n),G_(s))and yield of spring wheat under different water and nitrogen treatments were analyzed.The results showed that the leaf area,leaf water potential,relative chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and yield of LC41 were higher than those of YL4,the water and nitrogen stress could reduce leaf area,leaf water potential,relative chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and yield of wheat;leaf water potential and leaf area affected crop yield by regulating photosynthetic performance,the single and combined effects of leaf morphology,leaf water potential and photosynthetic performance explain 83%of wheat yield variation,water and nitrogen stress decreased Gs through the hydraulic characteristics of plants,which affected the yield,higherΨ_(pd)and Gs were key factors in ensuring yield formation of wheat;under the condition of high nitrogen,under the condition of high nitrogen,the yield of certain water deficit was less,therefore,reducing the irrigation amoun

关 键 词：春小麦 水氮胁迫 水力特性 光合特性 生理机制 产量 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]