不同时期水分胁迫对大豆根系特性及产量的影响  

Effect of Water Stress in Different Phases on Root Characteristics and Yield of Soybean

作　　者：闫春娟[1] 王昌陵[1] 孙旭刚[1] 张立军[1] 曹永强[1] 李盛有 董丽杰[1] 张丽[1] 陈艳秋[1] 王文斌[1] YAN Chun-juan;WANG Chang-ling;SUN Xu-gang;ZHANG Li-jun;CAO Yong-qiang;LI Sheng-you;DONG Li-jie;ZHANG Li;CHEN Yan-qiu;WANG Wen-bin(Crop Institute of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science,Shenyang 110161,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院作物所,沈阳110161

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2024年第8期43-52,共10页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32301782,32101795);国家大豆产业技术体系(CARS-04-CES12);辽宁省农业科学院基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2021HQ1901)。

摘　　要：为揭示抗旱基因型大豆根系应答干旱胁迫的响应机制,于2020年在辽宁省沈阳市开展盆栽试验,以抗旱基因型和干旱敏感型大豆为试材,探讨干旱(W1,土壤含水量为田间持水量的50%)、轻度干旱(W2,土壤含水量为田间持水量的60%)、适宜水分(W3,土壤含水量为田间持水量的80%)对大豆根系特性和产量的影响。结果表明:同一时期控水,W1和W2条件下,抗旱品种“辽豆14”的总根长和根表面积优于干旱敏感型品种“辽豆21”。一般情况下,平均根直径为0~0.5 mm的根长比例表现为:“辽豆21”>“辽豆14”,而平均根直径为0.5~1.0 mm的根长比例却表现为:“辽豆14”>“辽豆21”。随着生育进程的推进,大豆地上部鲜重、地上部干重、根干重逐渐累积,鼓粒期达最大值;一般情况下,同一控水时期,随着土壤含水量的增加,同一品种地上部鲜重、根鲜重、地上部干重、根干重值逐渐增加,但抗旱品种“辽豆14”的值一般优于干旱敏感型品种“辽豆21”。随着生育进程的推进,根冠比鲜重和根冠比干重值降低;土壤干旱提高了植株的根冠比。各个时期控水,品种和水分均显著影响了大豆的单株产量,干旱(W1)和轻度干旱(W2)均降低了2品种的单株产量,但抗旱品种“辽豆14”引起产量下降的值更低。干旱胁迫条件下,抗旱基因型大豆在总根长、根表面积、地上部干重、根干重、产量以及平均根直径为0.5~1.0 mm的根长比例方面,表现出优于干旱敏感型品种的优势。Drought is a major limiting factor seriously influencing soybean production and its impact on yield,the impact of drought on root traits varies with the timing of its occurrence.Only limited research has however been conducted on soil drought affecting soybean yield and root characters in different periods.In order to reveal the response mechanism of drought resistant genotype soybean root system to drought stress,a pot experiment was conducted in Shenyang,Liaoning Province in 2020 to study the effects of water stress on root length,root surface area,root to shoot ratio,and yield of drought resistant genotype and drought sensitive genotype.The results showed that the total root length and root surface area of"Liaodou14"were higher in"Liaodou14"than in"Liaodou21"under drought(W1)and mild drought(W2)stress conditions when water was controlled at the same period.In general,the root length ratio of"Liaodou21"with an average root diameter of 0~0.5 mm was greater for"Liaodou21"than for"Liaodou14",while the root length ratio of"Liaodou14"with an average root diameter of 0.5~1.0 mm is higher than that of"Liaodou21".In addition,the fresh shoot weight,fresh root weight,dry shoot weight and dry root weight gradually accumulated with the growth and development of plants,reaching their maximum value after water controlled at pod filling stage.In general,the fresh shoot weight,fresh root weight,dry shoot weight and dry root weight gradually increased as soil moisture increased when water was controlled at the same growth stage.The fresh shoot weight,fresh root weight,dry shoot weight and dry root weight of"Liaodou14"were higher than that of"Liaodou21"on the same water conditions when water was controlled at the same period.The fresh weight root to shoot ratio and the dry weight root to shoot ratio gradually decreased with the growth and development of plants.Variety and water significantly affect yield per plant of soybean water controlled at each stage.However,the interaction between variety and water treatment only reached s

关 键 词：水分胁迫 大豆 干旱敏感型 抗旱品种 根系特性 分配比例 产量 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]