世界农业强国的水利保障措施及其启示  

Water Conservancy Support Measures for Agricultural Powers in the World and Their Implications

作　　者：常思媛 刘然 吴思奥 倪广恒[2] 尚松浩[2] CHANG Si-yuan;LIU Ran;WU Si-ao;NI Guang-heng;SHANG Song-hao(Weiyang College,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Department of Hydraulic Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Xingjian College,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学未央书院,北京100084 [2]清华大学水利水电工程系,北京100084 [3]清华大学行健书院,北京100084

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2024年第8期53-60,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：清华大学中国农村研究院重点课题(CIRS2023-12);清华大学大学生研究训练计划项目(2321T0035)。

摘　　要：农业是国民经济和社会发展的基础,水利是农业的命脉。在中国水资源总量不足、且时空分布不均匀的背景下,加强水利基础设施建设、提高农业水资源利用效率是农业强国建设的重要支撑条件。通过文献调研,对世界农业强国的水利发展经验、教训进行了归纳总结。在此基础上,结合中国农业发展和水资源利用的特点,提出中国农业强国建设中的水利保障建议:积极推动中国特色的水权制度体系建设,完善国家及区域水网实现水资源空间均衡,通过地表水、地下水和非常规水资源综合利用和联合调度提高供水保障程度,大力发展以高效节水灌溉和高效旱作农业为支撑的适水农业。Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy and social development,and water conservancy is the lifeline of agriculture.Under the conditions of water shortage and uneven spatial and temporal distributions of water resources in China,strengthening the construction of water conservancy infrastructure and improving the agricultural water use efficiency are important support for the development of an agricultural power.Through literature review,the experience and lessons of water conservancy development in world agricultural powers have been summarized.On this basis,we propose suggestions for water conservancy support in the development of China’s agricultural power by considering characteristics of agricultural development and water use:actively promoting the water right system with Chinese characteristics,improving the national and regional water networks to achieve spatial balance of water resources,improving the level of water supply guarantee through comprehensive utilization and joint scheduling of surface water,groundwater,and unconventional water resources,and vigorously developing water-adaptive agriculture through efficient water-saving irrigation and efficient dryland agriculture.

关 键 词：农业强国 水管理 水权制度 农业节水技术 

分 类 号：S279[农业科学—农业水土工程]