“鉴定贵”:环境民事公益诉讼无法内部化的成本——基于267份一审判决书的深度调查  

Expensive Costs of Expert Evidence Cannot Be Internalized in Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation:Based on the Deep Investigation of 267 Court Orders

作　　者：章礼明[1] Zhang Liming

机构地区：[1]广州大学法学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《湖湘法学评论》2024年第3期46-56,共11页Huxiang Law Revie

基　　金：司法部法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目:环境公益诉讼中“鉴定贵”问题的实证研究(20SFB4048)。

摘　　要：“鉴定贵”是环境民事公益诉讼实务中反映的诉讼成本难题,有必要对此展开实证性研究。抽样调查显示,在检察机关起诉的案件中,仅约五分之一因取得环境损害类鉴定证据产生了鉴定费用,并且平均鉴定费不足五千元。这与实务界人士声称的动辄“几万到几十万甚至上百万”鉴定费存在明显差距。究其成因,面对高昂的鉴定费,受制于支付能力,检察机关在法院支持下采用了多种规避方法。然而,这些规避行为实质上有损判决的公正性。这表明“鉴定贵”是一项无法内部化的诉讼成本,现行环境民事公益诉讼缺乏实效性,有待进一步规范与完善。Expensive costs of expert evidence is a cost problem reflected in the practice of environmental civil public interest litigation in China.It is necessary to carry out empirical research.According to a sample survey,only about one-fifth of the cases prosecuted by the procuratorial organs incurred expert evidence fees due to obtaining environmental damage expert evidence,and the average fee was less than 5,000 yuan.This is quite different from the“tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands or even millions”of expert evidence fees claimed by practitioners.The reason is that the procuratorial organ has adopted a variety of circumvention methods with the support of the court in the face of the high expert evidence fees and limited ability to pay.However,these circumvention behaviors essentially damage the legitimacy of judgment.It shows that expensive costs of expert evidence is a litigation cost that cannot be internalized.Thus,the current environmental civil public interest litigation lacks effectiveness.

关 键 词：民事公益诉讼 环境损害类鉴定证据 诉讼成本 鉴定贵 鉴定费用 

分 类 号：G254.21[文化科学—图书馆学]