核准追诉若干疑难问题探讨——对最高人民检察院第六批指导性案例的评析  

A Discussion on Several Issues Concerning Approving Prosecution:Take the Sixth Group of Guiding Cases by the Supreme People’s Procuratorate as an Object

作　　者：王登辉[1] Wang Denghui

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学刑事检察研究中心,重庆401120

出　　处：《湖湘法学评论》2024年第3期128-146,共19页Huxiang Law Revie

摘　　要：分析核准追诉问题的关键是正确解释“已过二十年追诉期限”,这涉及如何确定追诉时效终点等难题。在分析追诉时效终点时,需要运用类型化、标准化和系统思维,从现行法规范中提炼追诉时效的适用步骤、影响因素等。作为追诉时效终点的判断标准,“二分法说”的解释力强于其他学说。“已过二十年追诉期限”宜限定于犯罪的追诉时效期限为20年,且追诉时效期限届满之日以后才刑事立案的情形(适用1997年刑法),或追诉时效期限届满之日以后才对犯罪人采取强制措施的情形(适用1979年刑法)。适用“不受追诉期限的限制”条款的,可以直接追诉,不符合报请核准追诉的条件。最高人民检察院第六批指导性案例只回答了“检察院办理核准追诉案件时考虑了哪些因素”的问题,未回答“追诉时效终点如何确定,适用步骤和影响因素是什么”“该案是否符合报请核准追诉的条件”等问题,未揭示几个重要时间节点对追诉时效的影响和作用机理,对追诉时效在共同犯罪中的适用存在认识误区,故有必要再次发布以核准追诉为主题的指导性案例。The key to analyzing the issue of approval of prosecution is to accurately define the“twenty year prosecution period”,which involves determining the endpoint of limitations of prosecution and other challenges.When analyzing the endpoint,applicable steps,and influencing factors of the limitations of prosecution,it is necessary to use typological,standardized,and systematic thinking.As the criterion for determining the endpoint of the statute of limitations for prosecution,the“Dichotomy Theory”has stronger explanatory power than other theories.The“twenty year statute of limitations for prosecution”should be limited to cases where the statute of limitations for prosecution for a crime is twenty years and the criminal case is only filed after the expiration of the statute of limitations(applicable to the 1997 Criminal Law),or where compulsory measures are only taken after the expiration of the statute of limitations for prosecution(applicable to the 1979 Criminal Law).The sixth group of guiding cases of the Supreme People's Procuratorate only answered the question of“what factors were considered by the procuratorate when handling approved prosecution cases”,but did not answer the questions of“whether it meets the conditions for applying for approval of prosecution”,“how to determine the endpoint of the limitations of prosecution,and what are the steps and influencing factors”.It did not reveal the impact and mechanism of several important time nodes on the limitations of prosecution,and there were many inappropriate wording.The guiding significance is relatively limited,and it is necessary to release guiding cases with the theme of approving prosecution again.

关 键 词：追诉时效 核准追诉 追诉时效终点 指导性案例 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]