极小种群峨眉槽舌兰的开花动态及繁育系统  

Flowering dynamics and breeding system of Holcoglossum omeiense,a wild plant with extremely small populations

作　　者：谷海燕[1,2,3] 杨楠 谢孔平[1,2,3] 何利钦 李策宏 GU Haiyan;YANG Nan;XIE Kongping;HE Liqin;LI Cehong(Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resources Research,Chengdu 610015,China;Emeishan Biodiversity Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province,Emeishan,Sichuan 614203,China;Wild Plant Sharing and Service Plantform of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 614201,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省自然资源科学研究院,成都610015 [2]峨眉山生物多样性四川省野外科学观察研究站,四川峨眉山614203 [3]野生植物四川省科技资源共享服务平台,成都614201

出　　处：《植物生理学报》2024年第7期1201-1210,共10页Plant Physiology Journal

基　　金：四川省自然科学基金(2024NSFSC0415)。

摘　　要：为探明我国特有、极小种群野生植物峨眉槽舌兰的开花特性、繁育系统等生物学特征,观测其开花物候、花部特征,采用柱头可授性及花粉活力测定、杂交指数估算、花粉胚珠比测算、人工控制授粉实验等对其繁育特性进行了研究。结果表明:2022年花期始于9月中旬,11月初结束;单株花期16~22 d,单花花期10~13 d。高的花粉活力与强的柱头可授性有3~4 d相遇期,杂交指数为4,花粉胚珠比为276.1±24.1,不存在无融合生殖情况,可自发自交,人工异花异株授粉结实率高达100%。异交及自交的种子萌发率、幼苗生长态势存在显著差异,显示出近交衰退趋势。峨眉槽舌兰繁育系统为需要传粉者的混合交配系统,传粉者缺乏是其有性繁殖障碍的主要原因。Holcoglossum omeiense was endemic to China,with extremely small population.In order to ex-plore its flowering characteristics and breeding system,the flower phenology,floral syndrome and flower-ing process were investigated.Meanwhile,pollen viability and stigma receptivity determination,hybridiza-tion index estimation,and artificial controlled pollination test were studied to analyze floral characteristics and breeding system of the H.omeiense.The results showed that in 2022,the flowering period begined in the Mid September and ended in the beginning of November.The flowering period of a single plant was 16 to 22 days,and the life span of a single flower was 10 to 13 days.During flowering,strong stigma receptiv-ity and high pollen vialility have a overlapping period of 3 to 4 days.The hybridization index(OCI)was 4 and the pollen-ovule ratio was 276.1±24.1.It can be self-pollinated spontaneously.There was no apomix-es.The artificial cross-pollination rate was as high as 100%.There were significant differences in seed ger-mination rate and seedling growth trend between out-crossing and self-crossing,showing a decline trend of inbreeding.The breeding system of H.omeiense was a mixed mating system that need pollinators.The lack of pollinators was the main reason for its sexual reproductive failure.

关 键 词：峨眉槽舌兰 开花动态 繁育系统 种子萌发率 近交衰退 

分 类 号：Q945.5[生物学—植物学]