清朝乾隆《内府舆图》地理要素绘制特征研究——以新疆地区为例  

The Research on the Characteristics of Geographical Elements in the Neifu Yutu of the Qianlong Period of the Qing Dynasty:Taking Xinjiang as an Example

作　　者：李嵩林 那顺达来 金泉 朝格苏力德 慕喜勒 LI Songin;Nashundaai;Jin quan;Chao gesuide;Mu xile(Institute for the History of Science and Technology,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010022,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学科学技术史研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《内蒙古师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期400-406,共7页Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金冷门绝学研究专项资助项目“基于地理信息技术的清代蒙古高原古地图整理研究”(22VJXG018)。

摘　　要：《内府舆图》是清朝平定准噶尔收复新疆后,于1756年(乾隆二十一年)至1772年(乾隆三十七年)前后历经三次实地测量而绘制完成。它首次将新疆地区完整且较为准确地展现出来。该图详细绘制了新疆地区的山川、河流、湖泊、城镇、驿站、卡伦、谕旨碑等,为了解和研究新疆地区的地图提供了宝贵资料。运用ArcGIS空间分析等方法,以清乾隆时期西域的大致范围为研究区,以《内府舆图》所载部分地名为研究对象,对地图要素进行配准、量化、与现今地图比勘,探讨乾隆舆图在新疆地区的绘制精度。研究表明:(1)整体看,《内府舆图》中新疆地区图在乾隆年间三次实测而形成,在实测路线两侧的误差随相隔距离而增加;(2)《内府舆图》中新疆地区地理要素主要集中分布于天山南北麓,且测绘精度较高,而阿尔泰山脉、昆仑山脉地区地名稀疏且误差较明显。The mapping of Neifu Yutu was completed within 1757(the 21st year of the Qianlong reign)to 1772(the 37th year of the Qianlong reign)after pacification of the Junggar and recovery of Xinjiang in Qing Dynasty based on three times of on-site surveying.It showed the complete Xinjiang region to the world for the first time at relative accuracy.The atlas drew mountains,rivers,lakes,towns,courier stations,Kaluns and steles of imperial edict in Xinjiang in detail,providing valuable information for us to understand and study the map of Xinjiang.The accuracy of the map drawing of the Neifu Yutu was analyzed according the western regions during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty and the some place names in Xinjiang region listed in it by using methods like ArcGIS spatial analysis through image registration and quantification of the map elements and comparison with the current map in the paper.The results indicated that(1)overall,the map of Xinjiang region in the Neifu Yutu was completed through three times of on-site surveying during the Qianlong period,and the error increased with the distance of both side from the surveying routes;that(2)in the Neifu Yutu,the geographical elements of Xinjiang were concentrated in the north and south of Tianshan Mountains,and the surveying and mapping accuracy of the region was high,however,the geographical names in Altai Mountains and Kunlun Mountains regions were less and the mapping error was high.

关 键 词：《内府舆图》 新疆地区 绘制精度 

分 类 号：K901[历史地理—人文地理学]