6种航天常用非金属材料热解及散发颗粒物特性研究  

Thermal Decomposition and Particulate Emission Characteristics of Six Common Non⁃metallic Materials Used in Manned Spaceflight

作　　者：陈现平 胡松林[1] 高郁晨[1] 何新星[1] 王贵平 薛源 CHEN Xianping;HU Songlin;GAO Yuchen;HE Xinxing;WANG Guiping;XUE Yuan(China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航天员科研训练中心,北京100094

出　　处：《载人航天》2024年第4期478-485,共8页Manned Spaceflight

摘　　要：针对航天用非金属材料散发颗粒物潜在污染风险问题,采用高温加热与热流辐射点燃等方法对工程中常见的TPR橡胶等6种非金属材料的热解及散发颗粒物进行研究。结果表明:TPR橡胶具有相对较高火灾危险等级,其易点燃性、燃烧释放热量与烟雾量均较其他材料高;材料热解散发颗粒物随温度变化呈现不同的分布特征,热稳定性较低的材料散发颗粒物的粒径分布随温度升高向大粒径区间分布转移;不同温度材料散发颗粒物的粒径计数分布特征与质量分布特征并不一致,材料不同的分解方式对散发颗粒物形貌特征产生影响;颗粒物吸附物可检测到载人航天器环境医学控制目标污染物,人员暴露可引起健康风险。研究结果可为航天器舱内污染物监测与控制、评估与火灾预警等提供参考。Considering the potential risk of particles emitted by nonmetallic materials used in man⁃ned spaceflight,the pyrolysis and particulate emission of six kinds of nonmetallic materials(such as TPR rubber)frequently⁃used in space project were tested by means of high temperature heating and heat flux radiation igniting.The results showed that TPR rubber had a relatively higher fire risk grade,and its ignitability,combustion heat release and smoking rate were higher than other materi⁃als tested.Particle emitted by material pyrolysis demonstrated different distribution characteristics with the change of temperature,and the size distribution of materials with lower thermal stability shifted to larger size range with the increase of temperature.The distribution characteristics of parti⁃cle size counting and mass of the tested materials were not consistent.Different decomposition modes of materials can affect the morphology characteristics of the particulate matter emitted by materials.The pollutants listed in manned spacecraft control standard can be detected in the particulate adsor⁃bents.Therefore,exposure of human to the particulate adsorbents could cause health hazards.The results can provide reference for technologies such as monitoring,control and evaluation of pollutants as well as fire warning in spacecraft cabins.

关 键 词：非金属材料 热解 颗粒物 载人航天 

分 类 号：V7[航空宇航科学技术]