冬播甘蓝型油菜生育期进程及生理生化特性  

Growth period process and physiological and biochemical characteristics of winter sowing Brassica napus

作　　者：王小霞 刘自刚[1] 田海燕 魏家萍 崔俊美 武泽峰 董小云 郑国强 王莹 巩永杰 杨馥睿 翟利佳 WANG Xiao-xia;LIU Zi-gang;TIAN Hai-yan;WEI Jia-ping;CUI Jun-mei;WU Ze-feng;DONG Xiao-yun;ZHENG Guo-qiang;WANG Ying;GONG Yong-jie;YANG Fu-rui;ZHAI Li-jia(College of Agronomy,Gansu Agericultural University/State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院/省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,兰州730070

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第7期1459-1470,共12页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：甘肃省科技计划项目(23CXJA0001);甘肃省科技重大专项(22ZD6NA009);国家自然科学基金项目(32360520);甘肃省重点人才项目(GSRC-2023-1-2);甘肃省自然科学基金重点项目(23JRRA1408);甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-46);省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室主任基金项目(GSCS-2021-Z01);中央引导地方科技专项资金(ZCYD2020-2-3)。

摘　　要：[目的]解决强冬性冬油菜/春油菜间杂交种生产花期不遇问题,为我国强冬性冬油菜和春油菜间杂种优势的利用提供依据。[方法]以强冬性甘蓝型冬油菜(NTS211、NTS304)和春油菜(C05、C19)为试验材料,10/11(月/日,下同)秋播甘蓝型强冬性冬油菜和春油菜;12/10、12/30、1/19、2/8、2/28冬播强冬性冬油菜和春油菜,记录生育期、出苗率和结实性能,并分析各生育期叶片生理生化特性。[结果]10/11秋播甘蓝型油菜越冬前出苗,强冬性冬油菜可以安全越冬,春性油菜越冬率为0;甘蓝型油菜在12/10后播种种子在越冬期不萌发,翌年早春3/21-4/6温度回暖后,种子陆续出苗,出苗率21.0%~72.3%。冬播冬油菜花期在6/21-7/5到7/3-7/20;冬播(12/10-翌年2/8)春油菜的花期在5/10-5/12到5/25-5/30;秋播冬油菜花期在5/5-5/6到5/30;秋播冬油菜和冬播(12/10-翌年2/8)春油菜花期相遇,1/19冬播春油菜和秋播冬油菜花期叠合时间最长(18 d)。随着冬播时间推迟,冬播冬油菜花期进程延迟,生育期延长,冬播春油菜花期进程提早,生育期缩短;冬播冬油菜的结实性能呈下降趋势,冬播春油菜的千粒重呈上升趋势;冬播冬油菜和春油菜在苗期赤霉素含量呈上升趋势,在蕾薹期呈下降趋势,花期和角层期呈先上升后下降趋势;冬播冬油菜苗期的生长素含量显著高于春油菜;蕾薹期的过氧化物酶活性显著高于其余各生育期;冬油菜和春油菜的丙二醛含量在苗期最低,可溶性蛋白含量在花期最高。[结论]强冬性冬油菜秋播及春油菜冬播调解花期相遇可行,1/19冬播春油菜和秋播冬油菜花期叠合时间最长(18 d),冬播通过影响甘蓝型油菜叶片的抗氧化酶、丙二醛、渗透调节物质与内源激素,最终影响生长发育和结实性能。[Objective]The study aimed to solve the problem of inconsistent flowering periods in hybride production between winter rapeseed and spring rapeseed,thus providing a basis for the utilization of advantages of hybrids between winter rapeseed and spring rapeseed with strong winter hardiness in China.[Method]The strong winter rapeseed(NTS211,NTS304)and spring rapeseed(C05,C19)were used as materials.The seeds were sown in autumn(October 11th),and winter(December 10th,December 30th,January 19th,February 8th and February 28th).The growth period,emergence rate,and reproductive performance were recorded,and the physiological and biochemical characteristics of leaves in diferent growth period were analyzed.[Result]The seeds sown in autumn(October llth)emerged before winter,strong winter rapeseed could safely overwinter,while the overwintering rate of spring rapeseed was O.The seeds sown after December 10th did not germinate during the winter period.In the early spring of the following year(March 21st to April 6th),after the temperature warmed up,the seeds began to germinate,with a germination ranging from 21.0%to 72.3%.The flowering period of winter-sown winter rapeseed was from June 21st to July 5th and July 3rd to July 20th.The flowering period of winter-sown spring rapeseed was from May 10th to May 12th and May 25th to May 30th.The flowering period of winter-sown winter rapeseed were from May 5th to May 30th.The flowering periods of au-tumn-sown winter rapeseed and winter-sown spring rapeseed coincided,and the longest overlap time of flowering periods between winter-sown(January 19th)spring rapeseed and autumn-sown winter rapeseed ware up to 18 days.With the delay of sowing time in winter,the flowering process of winter rapeseed was delayed,resulting in an extended growth period.However,the flowering process of spring rapeseed was ad-vanced,leading to a shortened growth period.The fruiting performance of winter-sown winter rapeseed showed a downward trend,while the thousand-seed weight of winter-sown spring rapeseed sho

关 键 词：冬播 甘蓝型油菜 生育期 花期调节 生理特性 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]