荫蔽及复光对大豆叶片光合性能和碳代谢的影响  

Effects of shade and light recovery on soybean photosynthetic characteristics and sugar metabolism

作　　者：于晓波 安建刚 梁建秋 杨文英 曾召琼 冯军 吴海英 张明荣 YU Xiao-bo;AN Jian-gang;LIANG Jian-qiu;YANG Wen-ying;ZENG Zhao-qiong;FENG Jun;WU Hai-ying;ZHANG Ming-rong(Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sweetpatato and Leguminosae Germplasm Innovation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Nanchong,Sichuan 637000,China)

机构地区：[1]南充市农业科学院/厅市共建甘薯及特色豆科作物种质创新与利用四川省重点实验室,四川南充637000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第7期1471-1479,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：南充市科技计划项目(23JCYJPT0007);厅市共建甘薯及特色豆科作物种质创新与利用四川省重点实验室开放课题(2023SL GIU03);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-04-CES25);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川豆类杂粮创新团队(SCCXTD-2023-20)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究遮荫和复光下的大豆叶片性状、光合特性和碳代谢关键酶活性,明晰不同光环境和生长阶段大豆光合特性变化及其与碳代谢间的相互关系,为筛选和培育适宜套作的大豆品种提供依据。[方法]以强耐荫大豆品种南夏豆38和荫蔽敏感型大豆品种华夏5号为材料,在大田试验条件下采用绿色遮阳网进行模拟荫蔽的遮光处理,对荫蔽期和复光后的大豆叶片比叶重、单株叶面积、光合色素含量、光合特性参数、干物质分配以及叶片糖含量和碳代谢关键酶活性进行测定和分析。[结果]荫蔽期遮荫处理下大豆叶片比叶重、单株叶面积、光合色素含量和光合速率均显著下降,华夏5号降幅较南夏豆38更为明显;大豆干物质分配呈“茎增叶减”的变化趋势,南夏豆38的叶分配比例均显著高于华夏5号;叶片可溶性糖和蔗糖含量均显著下降,重度遮荫下蔗糖含量显著低于轻度遮荫,且华夏5号的降幅较南夏豆38更为明显;淀粉含量显著上升,华夏5号增幅大于南夏豆38,相同处理下华夏5号均显著高于南夏豆38;蔗糖合成酶(SS)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)和蔗糖转化酶(Inv)均极显著下降,且重度遮荫下SS和Inv显著低于轻度遮荫,品种间相同遮荫处理下无显著差异。复光后,处理间叶片性状差异逐渐减小,干物质“茎增叶减”分配趋势的变化程度减弱;遮荫处理下淀粉含量均显著高于正常光照,南夏豆38的明显高于华夏5号;南夏豆38的SPS和Inv均显著高于华夏5号,重度遮荫处理下南夏豆38的SS显著高于华夏5号,且南夏豆38的恢复能力均好于华夏5号。[结论]遮荫降低大豆叶片比叶重和光合色素含量,光合速率和碳代谢关键酶活性下降,淀粉含量和茎干物质分配比例增加;复光后,叶片光合性能和酶活性快速恢复,干物质向叶分配增多。华夏5号对遮荫处理反应敏感,光合性能和酶活性降幅较大,南夏豆38在遮荫[Objective]Leaf characteristics,photosynthetic index and key enzyme activities of carbon metabolism were studied to investigate the relationship between photosynthetic characteristics and carbon metabolism in different light environments and growth stages.[Method]Two varieties,shade tolerance Nanxiadou38(ND38)and shade sensitive Huaxia5(HX5)were used in field experiment under green shading net to investigate the specific leaf weight,leaf area per plant,photosynthetic pigment concentration,photosynthetic performance,biomass distribution,sugar levels and key enzymatic activities related to carbon metabolism.[Result]With the shade treatment during shading peri-od,the specific leaf weight,leaf area per plant,photosynthetic pigment concentration and photosynthetic rate all decreased significantly with shading area treatment,and the decline of HX5 was more obvious than that of ND38.Biomass allocation increased in stem but decreased in leaf,and the leaf proportion of ND38 was significantly higher than that of HX5.Both soluble sugar and sucrose levels in leaves decreased significantly,but sucrose content under heavy shading was significantly lower than that under light shading,and the decline of Hx5 was more obvious than that of ND38.Starch content increased significantly and the range of HX5 was higher than that of ND38.Starch content of HX5 all was higher than that of ND38.Sucrose synthetase(SS),sucrose phosphate synthetase(SPS)and sucrose invertase(Inv)decreased sig-nificantly.SS and Inv in heavy shading were significantly lower than of light shading,and there was no significant difference between varie-ties under the same shading treatment.During light recovery period,the difference of leaf traits among treatments decreased and the prefer-ence of leaf mass allocation ratio declined.Starch content with shading treatment was significantly higher than that of normal light.The re-covery ability of ND38 was better than that of HX5.SPS and Inv of ND38 also were significantly higher than those of HX5,but SS of ND38 was high

关 键 词：大豆 荫蔽 叶片 光合特性 酶活性 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]