一株香蕉枯萎病菌拮抗菌的筛选鉴定及盆栽防治效果  

Screening and identification of an antagonistic bacterium against banana fusarium wilt and its control effect in pot

作　　者：韦锡昌 林蓝慧 蒙姣荣[1] 李界秋[2] 王忠文[1] WEI Xi-chang;LIN Lan-hui;MENG Jiao-rong;LI Jie-qiu;WANG Zhong-wen(College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;Agri-animal Industrial Development Institute,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院,南宁530004 [2]广西大学农牧产业发展研究院,南宁530004

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第7期1522-1530,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系广西香蕉创新团队病虫害岗位项目(nycytxgxcxtd-16-03);广西创新驱动发展专项(桂科AA18118028-7)。

摘　　要：[目的]从香蕉根际土壤等材料中分离筛选获得对香蕉枯萎病菌有抑制作用的拮抗菌,为香蕉枯萎病生物防治提供理论基础及菌株资源。[方法]采用稀释平板分离法,从香蕉枯萎病罹病土壤、桑蚕和发酵藻等材料中分离得到微生物,再分别采用平板划线法和单孢分离法对细菌、真菌进行分离和纯化,以香蕉枯萎病菌亚热带4号生理小种(Foc STR4)为靶标菌,采用平板对峙法进行拮抗菌的筛选试验,对抑制效果最好的菌株进行基因测序鉴定、生理生化指标测定;以只接种Foc STR4为对照进行防治香蕉枯萎病的盆栽试验。[结果]从罹病的香蕉根际土壤中筛选得到1株对Foc STR4有明显抑制效果的拮抗细菌TU3-1,抑制率为56.18%,在试验中发现TU3-1对香蕉炭疽病菌等其他13种供试植物病原菌有抑制作用,其中对香蕉炭疽病菌的抑制效果最好,抑制率为75.99%。盆栽试验结果显示,与只接种Foc STR4处理相比,对香蕉枯萎病的防治效果为51.81%。经基因测序、序列比对和生理生化实验观测,TU3-1菌株被鉴定为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),该菌株为革兰氏阳性菌,厌氧性,可水解淀粉和纤维素,产生氨气和蛋白酶,最适宜培养基为PDA培养基,最适培养温度为30℃,最适生长pH为7。[结论]筛选鉴定得到1株对Foc STR4抑制率为56.18%、对香蕉枯萎病防治效果为51.81%的拮抗细菌TU3-1,被鉴定为B.velezensis,TU3-1对其他10种植物病原真菌及3种植物病原细菌也有抑制作用,表现出广谱抑菌活性,可进一步开发作为生防菌种质资源。[Objective]The study aimed to screen and identify a strain with antagonistic activity on the Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense(E.F.Smith)Snyder et Hansen from banana rhizosphere soil,which would provide a theoretical basis for biological control of fusarium wilt of banana disease and strain resources.[Method]The microorganisms were isolated from banana fusarium wilt infected soil,silkworm and fer-menting algae by dilution plate separation method,and then the bacteria and fungi were isolated and purified by plate streak method and sin-gle spore separation method,respectively.With banana fusarium wilt subtropical race 4(Foc STR4)as the target bacteria,the screening test of antagonistic bacteria was conducted by plate confrontation method.The strains with the best inhibition effect were identified by gene se-quencing,and the physiological and biochemical indexes were determined.A pot experiment was conducted to control banana fusarium wilt with only Foc STR4 inoculation.[Result]An antagonistic bacterial strain named TU3-1 derived from diseased banana rhizosphere soil was shown to have effective inhibition for the Foc STR4,and antibacterial rate was 56.18%.It was found that TU3-1 was effective against 13 other plant pathogenic fungi such as Colletotrichum musa.Among them,it had the best inhibitory effect on C.musa,with an inhibition rate of 75.99%.The results of the potted plant experiment showed that,compared with the control group,the control effect of banana wilt dis-ease was 51.81%.Through gene sequencing,sequence comparison and physiological and biochemical characteristic experimental observa-tions,the TU3-1 strain was initially identified as Bacillus.It was a Gram-positive bacterium,anaerobic,with the ability to hydrolyze starch and cellulose to produce ammonia and protease.The optimum culture medium for TU3-1 strain was PDA medium,the optimum culture tem-perature was 30 C,and the optimum growth pH was 7.[Conclusion]Though screening and identification,a strain of antagonistic bacterium TU3-1,identified as B.velez

关 键 词：香蕉 香蕉枯萎病菌 拮抗菌 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌 

分 类 号：S436.681[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]