效力性强制性规定的规范构造:要素缺失与补正  

Canonical Construction of Effective Mandatory Provisions:The Absence and Rectification of Elements

作　　者：蒋建湘[1] 赵媛 JIANG Jianxiang;ZHAO Yuan(School of Law,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学法学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《东北大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期112-120,共9页Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究资助项目(22YJC820008);湖南省研究生科研创新资助项目(CX20230382)。

摘　　要：强制性规定在司法实践中被分为效力性与管理性,这在相当程度上是为防范公法的不当干涉,实现管制与自治的平衡。该概念构造试图仅根据规范意旨将强制性规定一分为二,并对法律行为效力具有不同影响,充斥着公法管制思维,先验地肯定某一社会公共利益绝对高于所有个人利益,却忽略了社会公共利益的多元性以及最终服务于个人利益,而且个人利益也会转化为社会公共利益,应当采取违法行为效力个案具体认定的私法思路。评价法律行为效力不能完全无视私主体主观因素,法律行为无效作为私法上最严厉的惩罚,如果绝对否定主客观相一致将会过度侵犯行为自由。商事营利追求和自由主义等特性也要求对商事交易行为的无效更为慎重。应当避免将合同生效、履行这一私法逻辑推论不当套用到公法规制当中,不顾其对于私法自治干预程度的巨大差异。In the realm of judicial practice,the categorization of mandatory provisions into effective and regulatory is instrumental in preventing unwarranted intrusions within the public law sphere and in striking a balance between regulatory control and individual autonomy.This conceptual framework endeavors to bifurcate mandatory provisions based on their normative essence,thereby delineating their distinct impacts on the efficacy of legal transactions.It is steeped in the philosophy of public law regulation,which presupposes that certain societal public interests are categorically superior to individual interests.However,this approach overlooks the fact that social interests are inherently aligned with,and ultimately serve,individual interests,which in turn can transform into social interests.Consequently,the private law principle of specific assessment of the legality and its effects should be embraced.Moreover,the assessment of legal transactions' validity should not be devoid of consideration for the subjective elements pertaining to private entities.The declaration of legal acts as invalid represents the most severe consequence within private law.Additionally,the intrinsic traits of commercial endeavors,characterized by the pursuit of profit and liberal ideologies,necessitate a more circumspect application of invalidity to commercial transactions.Ultimately,it is crucial to refrain from indiscriminately applying the private law logic of contract effectiveness and enforceability to the public legal system,given the significant disparities in the extent of intervention in private law autonomy.

关 键 词：社会公共利益 个人利益 私人自治 公法管制 私法逻辑 

分 类 号：D923.01[政治法律—民商法学]