星载激光雷达遥感技术进展与发展趋势(特邀)  

Spaceborne Lidar Remote Sensing Progress and Developments(Invited)

作　　者：陈卫标[1,2] 刘继桥[1,2] 竹孝鹏[1,2] 毕德仓[1,2] 侯霞[1,2] Chen Weibiao;Liu Jiqiao;Zhu Xiaopeng;Bi Decang;Hou Xia(Aerospace Laser Technology and System Department,Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China;Key Laboratory of Space Laser Communication and Detection Technology,Shanghai Institute o)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所空天激光技术与系统部,上海201800 [2]中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所空间激光信息传输与探测技术重点实验室,上海201800

出　　处：《中国激光》2024年第11期181-200,共20页Chinese Journal of Lasers

摘　　要：星载激光雷达遥感技术,作为主动光学遥感手段,具有高垂直分辨率、高探测精度、全天时测量等优势,能获取一些传统被动光学或者微波遥感无法获得的信息。随着激光器及探测技术的进步,发展了不同探测体制的星载激光遥感技术,这些技术先后在深空探测和对地观测等多个领域得到重要应用。星载激光遥感技术的主要应用包括行星和月球的三维高程测量,地球大气云和气溶胶三维廓线、大气三维风场、温室气体浓度及海洋立体剖面等的测量,并先后在多个空间任务中得到了有效验证。对于一些重要应用领域的高精度测量,星载激光遥感技术是唯一有效的方法。星载激光雷达的长寿命和高测量精度在轨得到了验证,使得星载激光遥感技术从空间演示验证逐渐实现业务化运行,将在未来的陆地测绘、气候、气象研究及环境监测中发挥重要作用。最近20年,中国星载激光雷达遥感技术发展迅速,在多个领域取得国际领先的创新成果,包括星载温室气体二氧化碳探测激光雷达和高光谱气溶胶探测激光雷达等,正在服务国家重大应用,为国际星载光学主动遥感作出了重要贡献。Significance Spaceborne laser remote-sensing technology has the advantages of high vertical resolution,high accuracy,all-day measurements,and the ability to obtain information that cannot be obtained via traditional passive optical or microwave sensors.With the progress of laser and detection technology,spaceborne laser remote sensing technology with different measurement principles has been developed,such as laser altimeters,aerosol backscattering LiDAR,Doppler wind LiDAR,and differential absorption LiDAR.Spaceborne LiDAR is utilized in many fields,such as deep space exploration as well as Earth,land,and atmosphere observation.The main applications of spaceborne LiDAR include three-dimensional elevation measurements of planets and moons,profiles of atmospheric clouds and aerosols,3D wind speeds of the atmosphere,concentrations of greenhouse gases,and profiles of the ocean subsurface.Spaceborne LiDAR technology plays an important role in surveying,climate and meteorological research,and environmental monitoring.Progress The first spaceborne laser altimeter using a xenon lamp-pumped mechanical Q-switched ruby laser was launched by NASA in 1971 during the Apollo 15 mission.Such altimeters have also been applied in the Apollo 16 and 17 lunar missions.The Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter(MOLA)was launched by NASA in 1996,and it has been in operation for five years.All-solid-state lasers were first used to obtain three-dimensional elevations of the Mars surface.Subsequently,NASA launched the Mercury Laser Altimeter(MLA)in 2004 and the first multibeam Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter(LOLA)in 2009.The first Laser ALTimeter(LALT)was launched by Japan in 2007 with the lunar exploration satellite SELenological and ENgineering Explorer(SELENE),and it obtained three-dimensional elevation measurements of the lunar orbit for nearly a year.In 2008,India’s first lunar mission,namely,Chandrayaan-1,was equipped with a lunar laser ranging instrument(LLRI)and operated in orbit for ten months to obtain three-dimensional elevation measurem

关 键 词：星载激光遥感 激光高度计 多普勒测风激光雷达 差分吸收激光雷达 气溶胶后向散射激光雷达 

分 类 号：P412.27[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P407.5