空间冷原子钟技术  

Space Cold Atomic Clock Technologies

作　　者：项静峰 任伟[1,2,3] 邓思敏达 刘亮 吕德胜[1,2,3] Xiang Jingfeng;Ren Wei;Deng Siminda;Liu Liang;LüDesheng(Aerospace Laser Technology and System Department,Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China;Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics,Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China;Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所空天激光技术与系统部,上海201800 [2]中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所量子光学重点实验室,上海201800 [3]中国科学院大学材料科学与光电子学技术学院,北京100049

出　　处：《中国激光》2024年第11期201-222,共22页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：中国科学院青年创新促进会资助项目、国家自然科学基金(12004401,12304550)。

摘　　要：空间冷原子钟作为在空间环境运行的高精度原子钟,在导航定位、深空探测和基础物理研究等领域展现出巨大的应用潜力。20世纪90年代以来,随着中性原子激光冷却技术的发展,喷泉冷原子钟得以实现并将频率稳定度和准确度从以往铯束原子钟的10^(-14)量级提高到10^(-16)量级。法国、美国和中国均提出了在微重力环境下运行高精度冷原子钟的计划。在中国载人航天工程的支持下,2016年上海光学精密机械研究所研制的天宫二号空间冷原子钟在国际上首次实现了在轨运行。欧盟的空间光钟项目于2007年获得欧洲航天局资助,目前实验室中的冷原子光钟的频率不确定度与稳定度都达到了10-18量级。随着空间光钟技术的不断发展,美国、欧盟和中国分别提出了基于空间光钟的不同实验项目建议。本文首先介绍冷原子微波钟与冷原子光钟的技术基础,然后通过概述国内外空间冷原子钟计划的任务特点、关键技术和项目进展,阐述了空间冷原子钟在基础物理和导航定位中的作用,并展望了未来高精度原子钟技术的发展方向。Significance Space cold atomic clocks,which are high-precision atomic clocks operating in space,have shown great potential for application in navigation positioning,deep space exploration,and fundamental physics research.Since the 1990s,with the development of laser cooling technology,atomic fountain clocks have been realized and have improved the frequency stability and accuracy from the 10^(-14) level of cesium beam atomic clocks to the 10^(-16) level.France,the United States,and China have all proposed plans to operate high-precision cold atomic clocks in microgravity environments.With the continuous development of space optical clock technologies,the United States,the European Union,and China have all presented different experimental project proposals based on space optical clocks.Progress With the implementation of atomic fountain clocks,French scientists proposed the concept of space cold atomic clocks,abbreviated as PHARAO,which utilize the advantages of microgravity to improve the accuracy of cold atomic clocks.On-ground results indicate that the frequency stability of PHARAO is 3.0×10^(-13)τ^(-1/2),and the frequency accuracy is 2.3×10^(-15).The frequency stability is expected to reach 1.1×10^(-13)τ^(-1/2) when operating under microgravity.According to the latest report,PHARAO will be launched to the International Space Station in 2025.The United States almost simultaneously proposed the space cold atomic clock program with France,the cesium space atomic clock abbreviated as PARCS,and the rubidium space atomic clock abbreviated as RACE.With the support of China s manned space program,the Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics(SIOM)began the engineering development of the space cold atomic clock in 2010,which achieved its first international in-orbit operation on the Tiangong-2 Space Lab in 2016.With appropriate parameter settings,an estimated short-term frequency stability of approximately 3.0×10^(-13)τ^(-1/2) was attained.The demonstration of the long-term operation of cold atom clocks in

关 键 词：冷原子 原子钟 光钟 频率稳定度 频率不确定度 空间站 

分 类 号：TH714[机械工程—测试计量技术及仪器]