中国空间站超冷原子物理实验柜设计与验证  

Design and Verification of the Cold Atom Physics Rack Installed in the Chinese Space Station

作　　者：李琳[1,3,4] 熊炜[2] 汪斌 方苏 许忻平[1] 吉经纬 刘元元 梁昂昂[1,3,4] 黄名山 洪毅 唐爽 高敏 黄敏捷[1] 周翠芸 宋铁强[1,4] 梁兆刚[1] 陈迪俊[1,4] 周小计 陈徐宗[2] 侯霞[1,4] 李唐 陈卫标 刘亮 Li Lin;Xiong Wei;Wang Bin;Fang Su;Xu Xinping;Ji Jingwei;Liu Yuanyuan;Liang Ang’ang;Huang Mingshan;Hong Yi;Tang Shuang;Gao Min;Huang Minjie;Zhou Cuiyun;Song Tieqiang;Liang Zhaogang;Chen Dijun;Zhou Xiaoji;Chen Xuzong;Hou Xia;Li Tang;Chen Weibiao;Liu Liang(Aerospace Laser Technology and System Department,Shanghai Institute Of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China;School of Electronics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Key Laboratory for Quantum Optics,Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China;Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所空天激光技术与系统部,上海201800 [2]北京大学电子学院,北京100871 [3]中国科学院量子光学重点实验室,上海201800 [4]中国科学院大学材料与光电研究中心,北京100049

出　　处：《中国激光》2024年第11期237-247,共11页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：中国载人航天工程空间应用系统项目。

摘　　要：2022年10月31日,中国空间站超冷原子物理实验柜(超冷柜)搭载梦天实验舱被发射至中国空间站并开始在轨运行,其主要目标是以87Rb玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC)为工作物质,利用微重力环境优势获得pico-Kelvin(pK)量级的超冷原子,建设具有超低温和适合长时间精密测量的开放实验系统。本文主要报道了超冷柜的方案设计及其地面验证实验,集成后的超冷柜包含物理系统、冷却激光系统、光阱光晶格激光系统、科学电控系统以及实验柜支撑系统,其外部尺寸为1820 mm×1050 mm×815 mm。在地面测试过程中,利用光阱蒸发冷却技术制备BEC,其原子数超过了1×10^(5),温度小于30 nK;利用两级交叉光束冷却(TSCBC)技术可以将冷原子的温度进一步降低到2.4 nK,通过实验验证了超冷柜飞行件在轨实现极低温超冷原子量子简并气体的可行性。Objective In microgravity,atoms can be cooled to very low temperatures,manipulated by a trap with a novel topology structure,and observed over long timescales.This phenomenon has garnered considerable attention,leading to exploration of ultracold atomic physics and its applications in microgravity.Over the past two decades,various state-of-the-art ground-based microgravity facilities and highly reliable ultracold atomic physics experimental systems have been developed to explore the lower temperature limit and applications of cold atoms in microgravity.However,space-based platforms,such as sounding rockets and space stations,have evolved into ideal environments because of their long free-fall time and stable microgravity environment.With the development of the Chinese Space Station(CSS),a Cold Atom Physics Rack(CAPR)that uses an all-optical approach has been deployed to investigate low-temperature and novel physical phenomena in microgravity based on the ultracold quantum degenerate gas of 87Rb Bose‒Einstein condensate(BEC).In addition,the CAPR serves as an open experimental platform for studying ultracold atomic physics and performing precision measurements in microgravity,with the major aim of cooling atoms at the pico-Kelvin scale through two-stage crossed beam cooling(TSCBC).Methods The CAPR needs to satisfy the restrictions on its size,weight,and power consumption.In addition,it needs to withstand the vibrations and impact during its launch as well as operate well after the launch.A highly reliable and integrated CAPR that integrated all the hardware for preparing,manipulating,and probing the 87Rb BEC was designed.The designed CAPR included a physical system,a cooling laser system,an optical trap and lattice laser system,an electronic control unit,and a rack supporting system with dimensions of 1820 mm×1050 mm×815 mm.The dimensions and mass of the assembled physical system were approximately 590 mm×930 mm×510 mm and 170 kg,respectively.This system could provide a high-vacuum,optical,and magnetic enviro

关 键 词：玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚 超冷原子 微重力环境 中国空间站 

分 类 号：O4-33[理学—物理]